Market Structure Essay Example

Market Structure Essay We can classify firms by the roles they play in the target market: leader, challenger, follower, or nicher. Suppose a market is occupied by the firms shown in Figure 1. 1. Forty percent of the market is in the hands of a market leader; another 30 percent is in the hands of a market challenger; another 20 percent is in the hands of a market follower, a firm that is willing to maintain its market share and not rock the boat. The remaining 10 percent is in the hands of market nichers, firms that serve small market segments not being served by larger firms. . 1. Market Leader Many industries contain one firm that is the acknowledged market leader. This firm has the largest market share in the relevant product market, and usually leads the other firms in price changes, new-product introductions, distribution coverage, and promotional intensity. Some well-known market leaders are Microsoft (computer software), Intel (microprocessors), Gatorade (sports drinks), Best Buy (retail electronics), McDonalds (fast food), Gillette (razor blades), UnitedHealth (health insurance), and Visa (credit cards). . 1. 1Market Leader’s Objectives Remaining number one calls for action on three fronts. First, the firm must find ways to expand total market demand. Second, the firm must protect its current market share through good defensive and offensive actions. Third, the firm can try to increase its market share, even if market size remains constant. 1. 1. 1. 1 Expanding The Total Market The dominant firm normally gains the most when the total market expands. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If Americans, for instance, increase their consumption of ketchup, Heinz stands to gain the most because it sells almost two-thirds of the countrys ketchup. If Heinz can convince more Americans to use ketchup, or to use ketchup with more meals, or to use more ketchup on each occasion, Heinz will benefit considerably. In general, the market leader should look for new customers or more usage from existing customers. NEW CUSTOMERS Every product class has the potential of attracting buyers who are unaware of the product or who are resisting it because of price or lack of certain features. A company can search for new users among three groups: those who might use it but do not (market-penetration strategy), those who have never used it (new-market segment strategy), or those who live elsewhere (geographical-expansion strategy). Starbucks Coffee is one of the best-known brands in the world. Starbucks is able to sell a cup of coffee for $3 while the store next door can only get $1. And if you want the popular cafe latte, its $4. Starbucks has more than 7,200 locations throughout North America, the Pacific Rim, Europe, and the Middle East, and its annual revenue for 2002 topped $3. 3 billion. Its corporate Web site gives a peek into its multipronged approach to growth. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment—primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drinks and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The companys objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue to rapidly expand its retail operations, grow its specialty sales and other operations, and selectively pursue opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new distribution channels. MORE USAGE Usage can be increased by increasing the level or quantity of consumption or increasing the frequency of consumption. The amount of consumption can sometimes be increased through packaging or product design. Larger package sizes have been shown to increase the amount of product that consumers use at one time. The usage of impulse consumption products such as soft drinks and snacks increases when the product is made more available. Increasing frequency of use, on the other hand, involves identifying additional opportunities to use the brand in the same basic way or identifying completely new and different ways to use the brand. In some cases, the product may be seen as useful only in certain places and at certain times, especially if it has strong brand associations to particular usage situations or user types. To generate additional usage opportunities, a marketing program can communicate the appropriateness and advantages of using the brand more frequently in new or existing situations and/or remind consumers to actually use the brand as close as possible to those situations. The wine industry launched a number of initiatives in the late 1990s to attract Gen-Xers and convince them wine was a casual, every day libation to be drunk like bottled water, beer or soda. Another potential opportunity to increase frequency of use is when consumers perceptions of their usage differs from the reality of their usage. For many products with relatively short life spans, consumers may fail to replace the product when they should because of a tendency to overestimate the length of productive usage. One strategy to speed up product replacement is to tie the act of replacing the product to a certain holiday, event, or time of year. Another strategy might be to provide consumers with better information as to either: (1) when the product was first used or would need to be replaced or (2) the current level of product performance. Each Gillette Mach3 cartridge features a blue stripe that slowly fades with repeated use. After about a dozen shaves, it fades away, signaling the user to move on to the next cartridge. The second approach is to identify completely new and different applications. For example, food product companies have long advertised new recipes that use their branded products in entirely different ways. Given that the average American eats dry breakfast cereal three mornings a week, cereal manufacturers would gain if they could promote cereal eating on other occasions—perhaps as a snack. Product development can spur new uses. Chewing gum manufacturers are exploring ways to make nutraceutical products as a cheap, effective delivery mechanism for medicine. The majority of Adams chewing gums (number two in the world) claim health benefits. Aquafresh and Arm Hammer are two dental gums that both achieved some success.

Introducing the Tableau to Students

Introducing the Tableau to Students Making mental images is a strong skill that helps readers increase their understanding of a text that they read. Good readers are able to make a â€Å"mental movie† that plays in their minds as they read and visualize what the words on the page described. Tableau Drama Strategy One arts-integrated teaching strategy that drama teaching artists use to help students make mental images is Tableau. Tableau is the theatrical technique in which actors freeze in poses that create a picture of one important moment in the play. Sometimes, in the theatre, the curtain rises and all the actors onstage are frozen in poses that create a compelling stage picture. Then, on cue, the picture- the Tableau- â€Å"comes to life† with movement and sound. Stillness and silence are the hallmarks of Tableau, making it understandable as to why it appeals to teachers for classroom use. But to really get the most out of this drama strategy in conjunction with the reading of a story, novel, or play, student actors have to do a deeper reading, thinking, and rehearsing. They need to work like actors who explore the text and experiment with a variety of alternatives before they choose their final poses. They need to practice focus and commitment so that they pose with an expression on their faces and energy in their bodies. The best Tableaux show evidence of comprehension of text combined with strong acting skills. The best Tableaux go far beyond mere silence and stillness. Introducing Tableau to Students The following is one way to introduce the drama strategy Tableau to students and increase the likelihood that they will participate productively in frozen, silent, concentrated posing. Whole Group Tableau Begin by engaging all students simultaneously in agreeing to pretend to be in a situation in which they will take responsibility for creating their roles. With students seated at their desks or in chairs, describe a particular fictional circumstance and setting (preferably a dramatic one) that they might find themselves in.Example: Would you agree to pretend that the setting for our drama is the schoolyard and while we are out there, we sight an alien spaceship?Discuss with students the possible feelings and reactions of people having this experience: If this really, truly was happening, think about how you would feel. Raise your hand if you can give me one adjective to describe how you would feel.Point out to students that the kind of thinking they are doing is precisely the kind of thinking that actors have to do. They must imagine that they are in a particular pretend situation and then figure out how their characters would likely react.Then ask the students to agree to pretend that a photographer snaps a photo of them in that circumstance: Would you now also agree to pretend that a photographer just happened to be there and took a photo the moment you spotted that alien spaceship? Explain how you will cue the students to strike and hold their poses: â€Å"I will say ‘Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!’  You freeze in your pose and hold it until I say ‘Relax.’†(Note: Eventually, you all will want to improve this first Tableau by allowing students to leave the confines of their seats, but for now, do not give them permission to do so unless one of them asks specifically.)Once you feel that the students are ready, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† Discuss the Whole Group Tableau In that first draft of the Tableau, the students usually participate well, but they usually remain seated. Compliment them for their cooperation. But, just like actors who rehearse and rehearse their scenes, students need to work now on increasing the dramatic value of the Tableau: Remind students what photographers may do to people in their photographs who do not look too interesting- crop them out.Then coach the students dramatically. Explain (and demonstrate) how they can create a more interesting stage picture by......putting more energy into their bodies and more expression in their faces....incorporating levels- posing close to the floor, mid-level, or reaching higher....interacting with one another to increase the dramatic effect of the Tableau.Invite the students to incorporate your dramatic coaching points and re-create the Tableau so that it is theatrically more powerful.Share the following list of Tableau Excellence with students. (Reproduce it on a chart or on a whiteboard or chalkboard.) Tableau ExcellenceActors......remain still or frozen....remain silent....pose with energy....pose with expression....keep their concentration....pose at different levels....choose poses that communicate the tone and mood of the text. Revise the Whole Group Tableau Once you feel that the students are ready to revise the same Tableau, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† (The second draft is always much stronger than the first draft.) Reflect on the Whole Group Tableau Refer back to the chart on Tableau Excellence and ask students to reflect on the effectiveness of their second Tableau. They can always recognize the big differences between the first one and the second one that received theatrical coaching. This introductory Tableau activity prepares students to use this drama strategy with significant moments in the literature that they read and the historical episodes that they study. It provides them with a foundation for using Tableau productively in small groups. Whole Group Tableau Possibilities People sighting an alien spaceshipReporters and photographers who sight a big celebrityFans- both happy and angry- at a sporting eventTourists looking at a famous sitePeople watching fireworks

Gray Seal Facts (Halichoerus grypus)

Gray Seal Facts (Halichoerus grypus) The gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) is an earless or true seal found along North Atlantic coasts. It is called the gray seal in the United States and the grey seal elsewhere. It is also called the Atlantic seal or the horsehead seal, for the males distinctive arched nose. Fast Facts: Gray Seal Scientific Name: Halichoerus grypusCommon Names: Gray seal, grey seal, Atlantic seal, horsehead sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5 feet 3 inches - 8 feet 10 inchesWeight: 220-880 poundsLifespan: 25-35 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: North Atlantic coastal watersPopulation: 600,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Like other earless seals (family Phocidae), the gray seal has short flippers and lacks external ear flaps. Mature males are much larger than females and have a different coat color. Males average around 8 feet long, but may grow to over 10 feet in length. They weigh up to 880 pounds. Males are dark gray or brownish gray with silver spots. The species scientific name, Halichoerus grypus, means hook-nosed sea pig, and refers to the males long arched nose. Females range from around 5 feet 3 inches to 7 feet 6 inches in length and weigh between 220 and 550 pounds. They have silver-gray fur with dark scattered spots. Pups are born with white fur. The gray seal bull has a distinctive horsehead face. Noemi De La Ville / 500px / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Gray seals live in the North Atlantic Ocean. There are three large gray seal populations and numerous smaller colonies. The species occurs in great numbers in the coastal waters of Canada south to Massachusetts (with sightings in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), the Baltic Sea, and the United Kingdom and Ireland. The seals are most often seen when they haul out in winter. They frequent rocky coasts, icebergs, sandbars, and islands. Gray seal distribution. Darekk2 using IUCN Red List data /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Diet Seals are carnivores. Gray seals eat fish, squid, octopuses, crustaceans, porpoises, harbor seals, and seabirds. Mature males (bulls) will kill and cannibalize pups of its own species. Gray seals can dive for as long as an hour at depths up to 1,560 feet. They use sight and sound to hunt their prey. Behavior For most of the year, gray seals are solitary or live in small groups. During this time, they rest in open water with only their head and neck exposed to air. They gather on land for mating, pupping, and molting. Reproduction and Offspring Males may breed with several females during the mating season. Gestation lasts 11 months, resulting in the birth of a single pup. Females give birth in March in the Baltic, from December to February in the western Atlantic, and from September to November in the eastern Atlantic. Newborn pups have white fur and weigh around 25 pounds. For 3 weeks, the female nurses her pup and does not hunt. Males do not participate in pup care but may defend females from threats. After this time, the pups molt into their adult coats and head to the sea to learn to hunt. Pup survival rate ranges from 50-85%, depending on weather conditions and prey availability. Females become sexually mature at 4 years of age. Gray seals live between 25 and 35 years. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the gray seal conservation status as least concern. Although the species was nearly extirpated in the mid-20th century, it began to recover in the 1980s following the passage of the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act in the United States and the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 in the United Kingdom (which does not apply to Northern Ireland). Gray seal population size has continued to increase. As of 2016, the population was estimated to be 632,000 gray seals. Some fishermen have called for a cull, believing high seal numbers are at least partly responsible for low fish stocks. Threats Gray seals are legally hunted in Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic Sea. Risks to the seals include entanglement in fishing gear, by-catch, collision with ships, pollution (especially PCBs and DDT), and oil spills. Climate change and severe weather also affect the seals and their prey. Gray Seals and Humans Gray seals do well in captivity and are commonly seen in zoos. They were traditionally popular in circus acts. According to Scottish scholar David Thomson, they gray seal was the basis of the Celtic seal legend of the selchie, a creature that could assume human and seal form. While gray seals frequent inhabited areas, people are advised to avoid feeding or harassing them, as this alters seal behavior and ultimately endangers them. Sources Ailsa j, Hall; Bernie j, Mcconnell; Richard j, Barker. Factors affecting first-year survival in grey seals and their implications for life history strategy. Journal of Animal Ecology. 70: 138–149, 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00468.xBjrvall, A. and S. Ullstrà ¶m. The Mammals of Britain and Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1986.Bowen, D. Halichoerus grypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T9660A45226042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9660A45226042.enBowen, W.D. and D.B. Siniff. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. In: J.E., Reynolds, III and S.A. Rommel (eds), Biology of Marine Mammals, pp. 423-484. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C.. 1999.Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Development of Urban Civilization and Form Essay

Development of Urban Civilization and Form - Essay Example As a type of community, the city may be regarded as a relatively stable awareness of population, together with its "varied environments, social arrangements, and supporting activities, occupying a more or less discrete site, and having a cultural importance that differentiates it from other types of human settlement and association. In its elementary functions and rudimentary characteristics, however, a city is not clearly distinguishable from a town or even a large village." (Britannica, 2006) It was no accident that the earliest of man's fixed settlements originated in the rich "subtropical valleys of the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Indus, and the Yellow Rivers or in such well-watered islands as Crete." Such regions gave encouraging ecological issues making town living comparatively simple. Pre-urban growths that covered the means for urban life also comprised such features as "traditionalism, a power structure, and a form of economic as well as social organization." Traditionalism put in the reception and broadcast of what had worked in the existence of the crowd and was consequently "right" and to be kept. New value directions and beliefs may also have influenced the route of urbanization, although their significance is still extremely speculative. Before 1800, improvements in agricultural and manufacturing methods had allowed a remarkable attentiveness of creative activity close to the sources of mechanical power-water and coal. A subsequent association of population was hastened by the excellence of the steam engine and the dominance of the factory over pre-industrial business association. Under provisions of "belt-and-pulley" authority broadcast, urban application was a means of: (1) Reducing the costs of conquering resistances in transportation and communications and (2) Maximizing interior monetary systems of extent and outside economies. A strange convergence of profitable, geographic, and technical issues in Britain guided to far-reaching transforms in such planned movements as textiles, transport, and iron, even though the educational and social requirements for industrialization were not exclusively present in any one nation,. Britain became "the workshop of the world" and London its "head office." (Britannica, 2006) Urban Planning Urban planning and redevelopment is planned at satisfying communal and financial purposes that go further than the corporal shape and arrangement of buildings, streets, parks, utilities, and other parts of the urban environment. Urban planning takes effect principally during the procedures of administration and needs the relevance of specialized methods of "survey, analysis, forecasting, and design." It may hence be expressed as a public society, as a legislative utility, or as a scientific career. Each feature has its own thoughts, narration, and theories. Together they blend into the attempt of contemporary civilization to figure and progress the surroundings within which growing amounts of civilization squander their lives: the city. For several centuries throughout the middle ages, there was small structure of cities in Europe. There is contradictory estimation on the superiority of the towns that grew up as "centres of church or feudal authority, of marketing or

Security Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Security Report - Essay Example However, there are many cases where malware is found in genuine software like company software; and the malware can be used maliciously in gathering marketing data. Software like firewalls, antivirus and antimalware are installed in computers to prevent malware attacks. The school administrators and teachers, on detecting malware attacks on school computers, should take steps to adopt the damage and adopt ways of minimizing the malware attacks in future. Assessing the damage involves three steps; preparation, investigation and assessment. In preparation stage; the administrators should avoid using the browser of affected computers; this is because malware usually spreads through browser vulnerabilities and opening infected web page can damage the computer further. The investigation stage involves identification of the malware type; this can easily be done through the study of malware categories in the server configuration and SQL injection (Cashell & Webel, 2004). In assessment stage the administrators should consider the damage done, for example; data theft of computer files corruption. The school administrators should inform members of the public on the malware attacks cases; through the appropriate communication or media channels. The public should also be informed of the type and magnitude of malware attack. Malware attack on school computers can be motivated by financial reasons, data theft or the innovative nature of students. The public must be told of the appropriate measures put in place to investigate the malware damage; and their trust can be achieved through explaining the measure adapted to prevent further attacks in future. There are software programs which have been made for the main purpose of combating malware; the school administrators should ensure that this antimalware software is installed in all official computers. Other preventing measures involve; backup measures and recovery measures. Antimalware

Ecosystem Function, Structure and Change Essay Example for Free

Ecosystem Function, Structure and Change Essay Lake Tahoe is a large lake that is almost split in half by the border of California and Nevada. Lake Tahoe’s surface area is about 191, 500 square miles with a depth of about 500 meters. Lake Tahoe is listed as the 26th largest lake by volume. The vegetation around the lake supports a variety of plant life and animal life, as well as a very diverse organism community. The vegetation around the lake consists of a mixture of Jeffry Pine, lodgepole Pine, and both white and red fir’s. Vegetation also includes both wet and dry meadows and brush fields. The brush field Ceanothus has the capability of fixing nitrogen that makes the soil of the surrounding lake more fertile. There are several processes that prevail inside and outside the lake. The lake is under threat from eutrophication that can severely affect the aquatic life living in it and the surrounding vegetation. It has been estimated that there has been changes in the populations of the various aquatic animals living in the lake’s waters. Zooplankton population has faced the greatest changes. The lake experiences both winter and summer seasons, which in that area of the country can be extreme. Temperatures can go as high as 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and as low as sub-zero in the winter. The vegetation surrounding the lake experiences these temperature changes and responds to this stimulus by the change in leaf colors and leaf numbers. The seasonal changes also affect the different mammal activities and interactions in the surrounding environment. Human activity around the lake is considerably high. Historically, the area around the lake was inhabited by Native Americans. The lake, because of its natural beauty and vegetation is a great attraction spot for tourists who wish to ski and fish. Because of the surrounding human population, there have been attempts to dispose of the raw sewage away from the lake basin but this strategy has not proved to be that useful. This is because the  eutrophication levels of the lake water are rising at a considerably high rate. The nitrogen and phosphorus levels of lake are increasing because of the high amounts of these elements and their compounds in the sewage water. The phytoplankton population present in the lake’s water is a natural tool that is reducing the levels as we speak. However, the rate of this natural proves might not be able to cope with the nitrogen and phosphorus amounts in the future if per say the sewage problem is not dealt with effectively in time. [Strong, 1999] The need for effective ecological planning is essential in today’s world where industry and technology is growing at a remarkable rate. Ecological planers plan to protect the nature’s true works and work hard to promote awareness against ecological deterioration. There are several things that planning requires. The lake is surrounded by vegetation and is home to hundreds of aquatic life forms. The vegetation and the mammalian life inside it is directly dependent on the lake for food and nourishment. This is because the primary protein source shall be the fish inside the lake for the land animals. Ecologists use these types of useful information to develop plans for management and restoration. In this case, the ecologists shall consider the water quality of the lake to be of the greatest importance. They shall ensure that there is little human interference in the natural habitats of the vegetation’s animals to allow the natural ecosystem to flourish because human interferences can cause migrations. The ecologists shall calculate the area required by the lake and the surrounding vegetation and shall accordingly present the data for further use. If in the future, companies or industries aim to industrialize the area, the ecologists shall use the data to calculate the risk of opening an industry to the environment. Ecologists that use preservation techniques to help preserve natural ecosystems give often consider the importance of an ecosystem by looking for any endangered or rare species inhabiting the area. The conservation of these rare species keeps ecologists busy. Ecological interactions between species are numerous and some types of standards only occur rarely or in specific climates and/or seasons. Lake Tahoe is an example of the hundreds of natural ecosystems found on the planet. Each ecosystem has a unique setup and the organisms populating it are dependent on it in every way. The presentation of these ecosystems is a responsibility for humans. References Lake Tahoe. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Tahoe

The Silo Strangler- Creative Writing :: Creative Writing Essay

Slowly trudging through the swampy field silhouetted by the moon, was the fifth victim of the Silo Strangler. He was 15 years old, 5ft 6 and was the usual teenager who thought that the world revolved around him and that nothing could hurt him. His father laid down the rules in his house and the one he, made a point of most was that Andy should not sneak out of his bedroom and night to go and drink with his friends. Not only was it illegal for him to be drinking, the Silo Strangler was lurking around and had already killed four people in the vicinity of the village. It was violating this rule that got Andy killed. It started as soon as he climbed out of his bedroom window at 10:30PM. He shuffled down the cast iron drainpipe down the side of his house to the ground, he sneaked around the house in total stealth making sure nobody saw him. He crossed the well-lit main road, which spoiled the serenity of the village, bringing more people to the village who bought houses for obscene amounts of money and the Buttermilk Bluebeard. Then he climbed awkwardly through the barbed wire fence trying his best not to damage himself or his clothing as his parents would know he had been out if he did. Now he was in the field he could not run through it, he had to slowly walk, down the edge of the field, as there was corn on the cob growing in it so he had to take care not to stand on or trip over one of the corn plants. When he came to the end of this field he had could run through the next field then he had to walk through the woods to the other side of the village. The woods were strange place, especially in the dark when everything seemed to change. Trees looked like people. Branches looked like arms and normal noises like and owls hooting, or a bird setting of to fly made you feel like you were being watched.

Measurement and Verification Protocols of Net-Zero Energy Buildings

50 Measurement and confirmation protocol of Net-Zero Energy edifice1. measuring prosodies and parametric quantities associating to ZEB†¦ criterions and directing, energy ingestion rates, IEQ, 2. computation and methodological analysis†¦ simulation†¦.monitoring†¦ 3. tools†¦.design, simulation, trial etc. 4. standardisation†¦ enfranchisement, acknowledgment plan ( IEA, ASHRAE†¦ . ) etc†¦ current illustrations†¦What is Net Zero Energy Building ( NZEB ) ?There have been efforts to specify the ZEB construct. There are many common definitions such as this ; ‘A Internet Zero Energy Building ( NZEB ) is a edifice that has zero C emanations and net nothing energy ingestion and over the class of one twelvemonth. What qualifies a edifice as a NZEB can be determined utilizing different prosodies. ?Net Zero Site Energy ( NZSE ) : A Site ZEB which produces in a twelvemonth at least every bit much energy as it uses, when accounted for at the site. Using this definition is convenient as confirmation can be achieved through on-site metering. This encourages energy-efficient designs ; nevertheless, it does non separate fuel types or take into history inefficiencies in the public-service corporation grid.Net Zero Source Energy ( NZSE ) : A Source ZEB produces yearly at least every bit much energy as it uses, when accounted for at the beginning. Source energy means the primary energy for coevals and bringing of the energy to the site.In order to cipher a building’s entire beginning the appropriate site-to-source transition, multipliers are used to cipher energy the imported and exported energy. This illustrate clearer the entire energy impact compared to a site definition. It is challenged, nev ertheless, by the troubles to get site-to-source transitions, and by the restraints of these transitions.Internet Zero Energy Costs ( NZEC ) : In a Cost ZEB, the capital the public-service corporation pays the edifice proprietor for the energy from the edifice to the grid is at least the same as the sum the proprietor pays the public-service corporation yearly in return for the energy services and energy used. This definition, is easy to verify with public-service corporation measures. Geting to zero, may be hard because of public-service corporation rate constructionsInternet Zero Energy Emissions ( NZEE ) : A NZEE edifice green goodss at least the same sum of emissions-free renewable energy as it uses from the beginnings of emissions-producing energy [ # 1 ] This is likely a better theoretical account for â€Å"green†energy beginnings ; nevertheless, like the beginning NZEB definition, it can be hard to cipher.Net-Zero Energy Building public presentationThe footings â€Å" net zero energy† , â€Å"zero net energy† , â€Å"net nothing carbon† edifice may hold different significances and are non exhaustively understood, a figure of IEA states have adopted this vision as the long-run end of one of their edifice energy policies. What is losing is a definite reading and an international understanding on the steps for edifice public presentation that can inform zero energy edifice policies, zeroprograms and industry acceptance ( IEA SHC group 2012 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iea-shc.org/task40/ & gt ; ) . Model has been developed to map out the factors involved in this type of edifice to help sustainable interior decorators of new edifices and retrofitting of bing edifices.Common Monitoring SchemesThere are three common monitoring schemes for Net-zero energy constructing rating procedure.Whole-building attack, which is based on energy flow measuring of the whole edifice, carry out at the boundary of edifice by via public-se rvice corporation metres or other manual method.Sub-metering attack, based on assemblage of measurings of stray energy use of systems or constituents through dedicated equipment.The indoor environment quality ( IEQ ) , based on measuring of comfort parametric quantities such as comparative humidness, temperature, brightness, etc. to measure occupant comfort degree. Table 1. Stairss to be considered during the different stages of Net ZEB monitoring [ 6-6 ] Beginning: IEA SHC/ECBCS Task 40/Annex 52 – Towards Net Zero Energy solar Buildings M & A ; V protocol for Net ZEB. A proficient study of STA, 2013Constructing public presentation attack to NZEBAn NZEB energy public presentation can be accounted for or defined in several ways, capable to different boundary and the metric or the definitions of NZEB. It besides depends on the undertaking ends and the values of the design squad and edifice proprietor. depending. A figure of restrictions seem to be with the current definitions. What appears to be needed is a more thorough model, which starts to take out some of these variables in footings of edifice public presentation. The term edifice public presentation is normally associated with occupant comfort or more loosely indoor environmental quality ( IEQ ) that leads to soothe and energy efficiency. There are two more factors that besides necessitate to be considered.First it needs efficient equipment and stuffs appropriate for the location and conditions ( proficient factors ) ; and 2nd, comfortss and services appropriate to the building’s intended usage ; and operated in such a mode as to hold a low energy usage compared to other, similar, edifices ( non proficient factors ) What is IEQ ( Indoor Environmental Quality ) ? Indoor Environmental Quality ( IEQ ) is major constituent for the rating of run intoing the construct of Net-zero energy edifice. It is to depict as status inside the edifice, which means the environmental quality of infinite. Elementss of IEQ are accounting for 21 per centum of standards for green edifice rating for non-residential edifices, including academic edifice in higher educational intuitions. Factors that involve such as air quality, illuming, thermic comfort, acoustic conditions, humidness, sound, occupant control and olfactory property. Energy, natural airing, design of the edifice†¦ etc.IEQ MonitoringIEQ demands is one of the major hazards a Net-zero energy edifice would give to diminish energy ingestion. In that instance, IEQ must be monitored in order to clarity the degree of comfort that can be acceptable. Furthermore, measurings of these factors would necessitate as accommodation intent that enable to the comparing with design values’ and observe misfunct ioning ingestion. Measurements of IEQ can besides be conducted assessing of occupant comfort via indirect or direct ( measurement and/or questionnaires ) appraisals. Furthermore, if the comfort status is absent, occupant would respond instantly and happening solutions, which would impact public presentation of energy. In that instance, commissioning of edifice will go on to verify the public presentation is truly important or non. IEQ supervising degree is based on specific aims, such as appraisal of comfort and/or alliance processes, every bit good as budget or attempt that available. Choice of relevant parametric quantities would let fiting larger figure of point, in fact more parametric quantities can supply offer elaborate image. There are four supervising degree, including Level 1 Basic Monitoring, Level 2 Advanced Basic Monitoring, Level 3, Detailed Monitoring and Level Advanced Detailed Monitoring. Table 2 as below will supply overview of four different monitoring degrees ToolsThe Net ZEB rating tool, available for free download at hypertext transfer protocol: // undertaking 40. iea – shc. org / net – zeb, can help with the computation of the energy balance, load lucifer index and operation cost International energy efficiency demands for new edificesDifferent states have started to travel for developing a common international demand or criterion for the energy efficiency, but at the minute, most of energy efficiency demand of edifice codifications is following local, province or base on national tradition. Such as US, it is based on Energy Efficiency criterions ( IECC 200415 and ASHRAE 200416 ) , these criterions are using in US and Canada. Like the European Energy Performance in the Buildings Directive ( EPBD ) , it would necessitate their members’ province of European Union to find demands for energy efficiency for new edifice.Mention[ 50.6 ] hypertext transfer protocol: // World Wide Web. btga – arch. uni – wuppertal. de / fileadmin / architektur / btga – arch / btga _ projekte _ aktuell / T 40 A 52_ STA _ Report _ Monitorin _ and _ Verification _ for _ NetZEBs. pdf â€Å" Measurement and Verification protocol for Net Zero Energy Buildings † [ 50.7 ] hypertext transfer protocol: // content. irec. cat / web / publicacions / energia – termica /02 % 20- % 20 ZEMCH _ T 40 STC _ NZEB _ Format. pdf â€Å"DESIGN ISSUES FOR NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS† [ 50.8 ] ASHRAE. 2002. ASHRAE GUIDELINE 14-2002 Measurement of energy and Demand Savings. hypertext transfer protocol: // sftool. gov / learn / about /1/ indoor – environmental – quality – ieq – SF Tool, 2013.Indoor Environmental Quality[ online ] Available at: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq- & gt ; [ Accessed 30 April 2014 ] hypertext transfer protocol: // World Wide Web. ijsrp. org / research – paper -1301/ ijsrp – P 1363. pdf M.A Sulaiman et al, 2013. Evaluation of Indoor Environmental Quality ( IEQ )on heavy Academic edifice instance surveies Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,Volume 3, Issue 1 [ 1 ] The Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy public presentation of edifices, Official Journal of the European Union. [ 2 ] J. Ayoub, IEA SHC /ECBCS Project Factsheet Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. 2011.Task40/Annex52. hypertext transfer protocol: //canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca /files/files/pubs/2011-118_PM-FAC_411-IEAT40_ayoub_e.pdf [ 3 ] L. Aelenei, R. Lollini, H. Goncalves, D. Aelenei, M. Noguchi, M. Donn and F. Garde. Passive chilling attacks in net-zero energy solar edifices: lessons learned from presentation edifices. In: CISBAT, Lausanne, September 2011. [ 4 ] I. Sartori, A. Napolitano and K. Voss. Internet zero energy edifices: A consistent definition model. Energy and Buildings. Volume ( 48 ) 2012 220–232. [ 5 ] IEA SHC Task 40/ECBCS Annex 52. Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings ( NZEBs ) . [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iea-shc.org/task40/index.html ] . hypertext transfer protocol: // media. wix. com / ugd /75744 vitamin D _ degree Celsius 4271 a 3238 degree Fahrenheit 1 B 4231 a 738 a 9817 B 6 vitamin E 853. pdf â€Å"A Design Framework for Achieving Net Zero Energy Commercial Buildings† [ 40.17 ] Torcellini, P. , S. Pless, S. and M. Deru, M, 2006, ‘Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Expression at the Definition, ’ NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory D. Crawley U.S. Department of Energy. ACEEE Summer Study Pacific Grove, California August 14?18. [ # 1 ] Torcellini, P. , S. Pless, S. and M. Deru, M, 2006, ‘Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Expression at the Definition, ’ NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory D. Crawley U.S. Department of Energy. ACEEE Summer Study Pacific Grove, California August 14?18.

The Importance of Doing and Turning Your Work in on Time

Browne 1 Patrick Browne 9-29-12 Mr. Slade Boondocks Driven Satire Sunday nights on Cartoon Network has become fertile ground for some of the most side-spitting, razor-sharp humor on this side of a cable box. The show concepts that constitute the â€Å"Adult Swim† block of programming on CN has drawn its fair share of rave reviews and harsh criticism from anybody willing to offer an opinion. For Afro-American viewers, no show represents that aforementioned razor's edge quite like Aaron McGruder's comic strip creation, â€Å"The Boondocks†.The first season of the weekly series found every way possible to poke humor at many of the events, individuals, and situations we see around ourselves on a daily basis. In some cases, the biting satire that's become this shows trademark may have opened up some ‘wounds' that some folk in and among Black America would prefer to have left stitched up. From the would-be Revolutionary Huey, to the saggy pants wearing, â€Å"thuggedâ €  out Riley, to the blatantly Uncle Tom-like Uncle Ruckus, the characters and situations are cleverly designed to force us to look at ourselves through a very revealing lens.No person, topic, or issue has been too ‘taboo' to examine within the show, which has drawn the ire of some of the more ‘prominent' faces within the African-American community. Al Sharpton, Jesse Jackson, Oprah Winfrey, and Bill Cosby have been among the more outspoken detractors of the show, harping Browne 2 on the use of the dreaded â€Å"N† word among other things. The second season of the show may prove to be just as funny and potentially inflammatory as the previous one.The scrutiny has been pretty intense, drawing criticism from multiple sources in the black community, as well as some pretty severe rebukes from the aforementioned likes of Sharpton and Jackson. In fact, the pointed criticism that has come from these sources saying are we not supposed to talk about such things? Are we supposed to ignore some of the more embarrassing fads and unhealthy stereotypes that have come with this generation among black folk? I mean, we can talk about the war, how the government is ‘shafting' the black man and woman out of our ightful piece of the American Dream. We can talk about all these things, but there's a big stink about one person taking an assessment of our own house through his own prism. Maybe the real reason some folks are getting so uptight about what they see is because some of the material hits really close to home. As much as I respect the Cosby's and the Jackson's of the world, there method isn't the only means to get the message across. Sometimes the finesse and subtle nature of satire and humor can deliver the same powerful, heartfelt message.Sometimes, we as black folk need to be shocked and ‘awed' into seeing a particular reality. That's what this show is; A strong smack in the mouth†¦ A wake-up call†¦ Humor is a pretty revealing thing; If we can take the time out to laugh at some of our own shortcomings, we can take the same type of time out to correct those issues and set about the task of strengthening our communities. Will we hear the occasional curse word, sure†¦ We might even hear the foul Browne 3 and dreaded â€Å"N† word a few more times before the show leaves syndication.So what is more important? Listening and acting on the message delivered to correct said problems, or whining about a character that portrays something that practically all of us have seen at some point during our lifetime? I don’t know about the next viewer, but this show represents solid with most Afro-Americans, which is why I’ll be tuned in for season four†¦I may indeed get a good laugh out of the over-the-top ‘pimp’ behavior of â€Å"A Pimp Named Slick Back†, or the numerous references to some of the out-of-control aspects of hip-hop culture.Through that laughter I and others tend to see a bit more of the reality that some of Black America seems too apathetic or too afraid, to confront the satire that this particular show represents. I can’t think of a better way to start that process than speaking on this issue through our own prism. Since 2005, Aaron McGruder has brought the previously unexposed taboos of Black American culture in its most raw and comedic form to the forefront of this country’s conscience through our TV screens.The tales of Huey, Riley, and Granddad Freeman’s migration from the Southside of Chicago to the lily white suburb of Woodcrest has endured its share of controversy. From public condemnation by Rev. Al Sharpton to threats of legal action by BET, The Boondocks, one of the most watched shows to be broadcast on Adult Swim, goes straight for the jugular of many of the most famous and infamous figures of our generation.As the main character on the show, Huey’s neo-Black nationalist views have been the cente rpiece of some of The Boondocks’ most memorable moments. From blasting MLK for Browne 4 repeatedly saying ‘nigga’ on the â€Å"Return of the King† episode to calling Ronald Reagan a devil, Huey and his militant antics made way for more serious issues to be addressed. The way he schooled Granddad about the origins of Christmas and dropped knowledge about the negative and nostalgic images shown on cable giant Black Entertainment Television were classic and unprecedented.His less informed and gangster inclined little brother Riley barked ‘Ain’t nothin’ wrong with BET’, while he punctuated every sentence with an unapologetic ‘nigga’. Other episodes like â€Å"The Hunger Strike† and â€Å"The Uncle Ruckus Reality Show† ridiculed BET to the point where they pressured Sony to ban the shows. One of the funniest and ironically most criticized characters is Uncle Ruckus, a self-hating older black man and brother of Granddad Freeman creates a climate for one of the shows more controversial episodes, â€Å"Jimmy Rebel†.In this particular instance, Ruckus wrote music for a racist country singer, made mention to every known racial epithet to Black people, and called our president, ‘that baboon ‘Bama’. Other creative minds were not spared by McGruder’s satire, like Tyler Perry who was extremely roasted on the â€Å"Pause† episode, where they focused on Perry’s overzealous religious POV and used his cross-dressing and homosexual innuendos as fuel for the fire.It was a point in the episode where Granddad, whose voice is that of actor John Witherspoon, was forced by Perry’s character to say, ‘I renounce Ice Cube and all his works†¦even Friday! ’ Actor Kadeem Hardison was even clowned when his lack of persistent work in the film industry was mentioned as he auditioned for one of Perry’s plays turned films. Whitney and Bob by, Lil’ Browne 5 Wayne, and even fictional musical artists like Thugnificent are used to manifest negative, yet accurate portrayals of Black performers.There’s always talk about white television shows that ought to have black faces, but many of these same critics tend to overlook the reality that programming in general could stand to diversify, too. Diversity comes in many shades – most of which go beyond color. To that end, while it’s lovely to see so many shows strive to show the more â€Å"positive† aspects of black life, more often than not it appears to come at the expense of offering our perspective as it relates to race, class, and pop culture on the airwaves.There are plenty who confirm the satire found in the social and political commentary on the show, and other instances of the kind of acute humor found in shows like The Boondocks and Chappelle’s Show. That kind of humor, for the most part, can only be found in shows largely scri pted and conceived by whites like The Daily Show, or even Family Guy and The Cleveland Show. Those shows are great, but still come from a separate point of view.The Boondocks has been known to be brought up in conversations as a point of reference to show how much driven satire entertainment that is enjoyed by Black people is a step backwards toward the days of the minstrel shows, but you have to be able to keep laughing, even if it’s at your own shortcomings. Browne 6 Works Cited Allah, Shabe. â€Å"The Boondocks†. The Best of Boondocks. Source Magazine 24 June 2010. Seward III, Herbert. â€Å"The Boondocks†. The Boondocks: Offensive show or stinging reality. Yahoo article 16 November 2007. Arceneaux, Michael. â€Å"The Boondocks†. Black Satire. Thegrio 18 May 2012

buy custom Trends that InfluenceTraining essay

buy custom Trends that InfluenceTraining essay Online education has been embraced by many higher education institutions and a significant increase of enrolled distant learning students has risen in both colleges and universities. Due to these enrolments demand changes many institutions, organizations and states aim at implementing online education by constantly working on strategic plans. Software training packages developers provide convenient cost-effective courses for use by trainees. This is because it has been more expensive and less effective to use traditional classroom settings than self-paced training videos, Compact discs and intranet settings. Governments, businesses and more schools have added to their organizations, online courses and other distance learning forms due to fall in cost of implementing e-learning tools. Important decisions on the use of e-learning on organizations and learning institutions can be carried out by keeping an eye on e-learning top trends and asking critical questions concerning ones own strategies on e-learning. Participants of strategic political influence skills program enter political arena by receiving a political wakeup call on the business needs. Signals that are under-political are read by online students and they also recognize two primary styles with their strengths and risks with their non-manipulative strategies for corporate politics navigation with integrity. Ideas and careers are thus advanced through some concrete methods in an ethical manner with proven political training skills program. Technology Trends Technology Infrastructure One of the technological trends that influence online training is technology infrastructure. Online training programs are driven by advanced technology infrastructures such as dedicated web servers, online applications, exclusive database engines, animation and video streaming applications, interactive audio. Firstly, nline training largely depends on technology for its implementation. Every computer user, regardless of their proficiency level is exposed to constantly changing technology(Thirunarayanan, 2005). With improved technology online training has become a viable alternative to other forms of training. Improved technology has enlarged the infrastructure for online learning making it more efficient and easily accessible. Heavy investment in technological infrastructure by learning institution has attracted more students in distant learning. Successful implementation of technology for learning requires incorporation of technology in a collaborative environment to be effective, real world simulations and project-based learning should be the major focus of utilization instructional technology. Good leadership, support and modeling from teachers, administrators, and parents are some of the requirements for effective technological integration Wireless Technology and Increased Use of Laptops Consumer trends show increasing use and purchase of laptops by many consumers especially university and college students. Technological advancement leading to development of more efficient laptops has largely boosted online training. Laptops are largely potable therefore online student can easily access training in any place. Students, via advanced technology engage in more collaborative work in most of their time than non-laptop students and also write higher quality work. These students also have increased access to information and improved data analysis skills. They hence become collaborators, direct their own learning, engage in critical thinking and problem solving readily, and show deeper and further flexible uses of technology consistently and lastly, they are made to spend more time doing their assignments on computers. Ever since the emergence of laptops e-learning has not been the same again, research shows that manyy students involved in online training have their own lapt ops. Wireless technology has been among the main drivers of online learning, particularly to students with laptops who can now access the internet without the need to connect to internet cables. Many surfers can access the internet from the same source unlimitedly. A whirlwind of a new wireless web device is experienced once telecommunication escapes the economic doldrums of previous years. The wireless device is led by advanced cellular telephones, pocket PCs and personal digital assistance and it will in the end, as the world economy improve, build in momentum. The wireless networking accessories available nowadays are many and can be put to use anywhere.This has been one of the major reasons why currently more people have opted for online training. Continuing Development of the Internet and Web Another huge trend influencing online training is the ever continuing development of the internet. Highly efficient and easy to use website have been developed allowing even students to take live online training. Password security and teachers online support has been enhanced by the web development, which in turn has improved and continues to improve online training. The impact of the websites improvements on online training has been hugely noticeable and commendable. The readily accessible and fast internet has made it possible for trainers and teachers deliver online assignments conveniently. This has also greatly boosted the students participation in class activities such as online discussions and submission of assignments making learning easier an interesting to both parties. The availability of platforms on the web to discuss and post questions has made students feel free and more enlightened as answers are posted by other students or even the teacher making it easy and fast for students to learn new things. Buy custom Trends that InfluenceTraining essay

The Verbing of the English Language

The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language By Mark Nichol One of the most inventive aspects of invention-friendly English is verbing, the denominalization of nouns into verbs. It’s nothing new verbs have been created from noun forms throughout the life span of Modern English and perhaps even before it evolved from Middle English; what’s been different during our lifetime, perhaps, is the rate at which it occurs. Denominalizations most of us have grown accustomed to because they’ve been around a while include pencil (â€Å"I’ll pencil you in for tomorrow at nine o’clock†), trend (â€Å"Stocks continue to trend downward†), and impact (â€Å"That’s going to significantly impact our plan†). If those usages aren’t annoying enough, you can make people cringe by using dialogue (â€Å"We’ll dialogue about this later†). Brand names even get denominalized, as was the case with Xerox and, more recently, Google. But verbing isn’t confined to the office. At home, mothers and fathers parent, and people host guests. Active folks ski and skate, while those out on the town get seated, sometimes only after they’re carded. The primary cause of the recent proliferation of verbing is technology: Before the average person had access to personal computers, programmers were accessing data online. When the Internet went mainstream, we began to bookmark our bookmarks. As many people began to favor text messaging, texting stood alongside phoning or calling. (By extension, overt flirting and text-based phone sex was dubbed sexting.) Social networking gave us the verb form â€Å"to friend† (and, inevitably, â€Å"to defriend†), as well as a new sense of â€Å"to like,† where liking is a deliberate action rather than simply a feeling. Denominalization is controversial and prompts much antipathy. But why? Some of the most basic words in English dress, dream, sleep, strike, talk are verbs identical in form to their parent nouns. The answer: English encourages neologisms, but many of its users are (often rightfully) averse to upstart words. Many of the denominalizations we take for granted may have struck listeners and readers as awkward and annoying when they first experienced them, but although many others no doubt fell by the wayside for that very reason, numerous ones have long since been granted status as standard English. There’s only so much you can do to champion denominalization or to choke it, but in the end, it’s a democratic process: If a neologism appeals to you, promote it by using it. If it appalls you, demote it by eschewing it. Not every grating verbification will last, and if one that particularly annoys you goes extinct, you can take partial credit because it has always been absent from your writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Writer's Choice Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writer's Choice - Article Example The journal conducted some surveys, as well as interviews and the findings, proved that the Southwestern Region of the United States has been tracking modifications in their programs as well as assessment focus. States in the Southwestern Region are now changing from functional contents to academic contents (Sato, 2008). The journal focuses on the year 2007 and how the five states of the Southwestern region of the United States institutes these alternative programs. The journal also finds that, due to the wide range of student physical disabilities and student cognitive behaviors, a one-size alternative assessment will not fit everybody. In examining the challenges of planning and implementing alternate assessments across these five states, the researchers developed six study queries. These queries include: the challenges that are encountered during the execution of the fresh policies and practices. The second query was how the alternate assessments in the five states looked liked before the research. The researchers explored the different training methods that were offered to educators of alternate assessments. They also examined how the collected results are applied at the student, school, and district as well as at the state level. The researchers also examined to what level the state alternate assessments captured similar skills as states examinations specified for the general student populace. Finally, they examined the technical issues that states were encountering in developing plus implementing valid and reliable alternate assessments (Sato, 2008). I personally feel that the research was well planned. This is because alternate assessments for learners with cognitive disabilities are fairly new in many states, but the research takes an approach that is different from other programs. Other researches do not include every student with different