Maltese Falcon Comparison Essay

Imagine, you knew of an object that looked ordinary, but was really worth thousands, or even millions of dollars? Now imagine that you were one, of a few people in the world who knew what it was worth, -you didn’t know where it was but you knew how you could get your hands on it? In the book the maltese falcon, that is exactly the case. Today I am going to be comparing the novel, the maltese falcon by Dashiell Hamtese, and the song Money by the beatles, as they both strongly focus and put importance on money, also a well-known symbol for greed, which is the main theme of the book and the song. In the maltese falcon, Greed is characteristic that all the characters in the book share and represent perfectly. Same with the song, money, where greed is present in the lyrics. The lines in the song â€Å"now give me money, that’s what I want, That’s what I want, yeah† was repeated throughout the whole song. This is expressed in the Maltese falcon, as this novel starts off with the plot being based around the money, and greed and lasted all the way to the end of the novel. Infact mr spade initially takes his assignment to ? d the maltese falcon because the money is good, and seems to be driven by payment throughout his search for the maltese falcon, and not as much as finding the killer of his partner. This is shown in the a quote from a conversation Brigid and mr spade were having. â€Å"surely your not considering it said brigid. Why not? Five thousand dollars is a lot of money†responded mr spade. And than again he says â€Å" 5 thousand dollars is a lot of money†. Secondly the line of lyrics â€Å"You’re lovin’ gives me a thrill, But you’re lovin’ don’t pay my bills† represents everyones relationships and love in the book. All characters, who were after the maltese falcon were selfish and only cared about the money and what was in it for them. They didn’t care, about one another and if someone got left behind, they would keep on marching on until they found what they wanted. They would do anything for themselves to get there hands on the maltese, even kill, a loved one. In the following quotes, it shows gutman, a character in search for the maltese falcon for secenteen years, give up his -son-like , as a fall-man to mr spade in exchange for the falcon. well wilmer, im sorry indeed to lose you, and I want you to know that I couldn’t be founder of you if you were my own son-but gad! -if I lose you a son its possible to get another and theres only one maltese falcon. † Finally, my last comparison are the lyrics at the beginning of the song â€Å" the best things in life are free But you can keep them for the birds and bees, Now give me money†, what the lyrics mean is that I know that the good things are life are free, but I don’t need those , give that to someone else, all I need is money, to make me happy, so give it to me money. hroughout the book, all the characters wanted was to find the maltes falcon, and they didn’t care about anything or anyone else. they all had there mind set on one thing only, the falcon. They were willing to giver up everything, close relationships, housing, and their life in order for the riches. This is shown whenever they heard mr spade mention he knew where the maltese falcon was, thier eyes would light up and get overly excited. In summary, the maltese falcon and the song money, are similar due to having the same theme based around greed caused by the money.

Intro to humanities test

Which term describes the line of kings under Charlemagne? Carolingian 2. ) During the High Middle Ages, the most important center for education became the University of Paris. True 3. ) Relics were sacred religious items that became an important aspect of spiritual and economic tradition for the Church. True 4. ) Which artist is credited as being responsible for bridging the gap between the Byzantine and Renaissance styles? Ghetto 5. ) Charles the Great created a system of education known as: The 5 says 6. The Haggis Sophia is the holy site where Charles the Great was crowned. False 7. ) The Great Schism began with the election of Pope Charlemagne. False 8. ) Who was the most influential Scholastic philosopher, influenced by Aristotle philosophy? 9. ) â€Å"Exodus† refers to the Old Testament story of Moses and literally means: going out 10. ) The Great Schism was a war between England and France, primarily about land disputes, which lasted for 116 years. False 1 1 .Patriarch was the author of both the Secretes and Canterbury Tales. False 12. ) The â€Å"Summary Theological† was written by which author? Aquinas 13. ) Dante was the author of which of the following? (select all that apply) Inferno, Divine Comedy, Paradises 14. ) The New Testament Greek term for â€Å"one who is anointed† Is â€Å"Christ. † True 15. ) Which of the following are examples of early Christian symbols/imagery? (select all that apply) Fish, Anchor, Olive branch 16.The Rule of Saint Benedict was established to regulate: the papacy 17. ) Chartres, Salisbury, and Notre Dame are examples of Gothic cathedrals. True 18. ) The Abbey of Saint Denis Is considered the first example of Gothic architecture True 19. ) Which of the following are examples of literary figures from the Middle Ages? Chauncey, Dante, Bursars 20. ) Which of the following are examples of Gothic architecture? Pointed arches, gargoyles, flying buttresses, stained glass

Advantages Of Car Tuning

Advantages Of Car Tuning Youve got your brand-new car from the shop. I understand you are very much excited about it. As soon as you wake up in the morning you ran to the garage to find out if your car is around. Your buddies are coming to a location to have a sight of it. This makes you believe that youre on peak of the planet. As soon as you return from your workplace youre prepared for a very long drive along with your pals. These days youre so much busy with your own dream. But allow me tell you something that together with the passing of time the performance of your cars retards because of wear and tear of several pieces of your cars. So what would you do then? You may sell off and find a brand new one! Remember you have to work very difficult to make single buck. Itll be not a reasonable option to do so. However, you cannot also proceed with a very low performance car. Do not worry! Theres a way out too. Only get your car and that is about to delight in the joy of a brand-new car with an older one. Your money will also be saved. Is not a good idea! Car tuning has become a hobby for a lot of men and women. They love to change their cars according to their wish. In reality tuning your car is your perfect way to boost performance of your car. It entails some strategies to alter the car so as to raise its own potentialities. In reality car tuning can help you to customize your car. Its possible to alter these parts where you only desire to give your car a personal touch. Nowadays owners are researching endless procedures for pruning to make the most of the potentialities of the one. Boosting Power Throughout Car Tuning There are numerous innovative methods to upgrade your cars performance in both the small and larger parts of your car. Car pruning may take on the various characteristics of your car that may independently contribute to upgrading and improving your car, and of course the security and durability that it supplies. In the area of good engine tuning, car engines may be retrofitted with a performance processor to provide it a particular boost. It may be adaptable to motors in their own fuel injection or digital control apparatus systems. This performance chip may quickly bring about better performance of their typical engines by up to 10 percent and also to turbo engines by up to 30 horsepower. In car pruning, a performance camera might also be installed including an additional 12 horsepower to your engine boost. The gas pressure regulator may be substituted using a power boost valve at the return fuel line to similarly increase the ability of your car. With improvements in the driving capability, you can even introduce extra modifications to its stopping power via brake performance tuning. In fact, its advisable that you equip your car with an upgraded braking system before presenting car power modifications. Even though it isnt thought to be a performance update, the steering can help in the performance and security of the car. In car pruning, an immediate means to improve braking would be to match your car with high performance brake pads and split disks which could withstand intense heat during extreme braking requirements better than regular disks and pads. Air filter pruning is considered the easiest in car tuning tasks. Air filters and air filter components can be substituted with high performance air filters for an exceptional power boost on your motor performance. Theres also the cho ice of working with an induction kit to boost air flow within a fuel-injection system rather than working with the air box. This kit comes with a conical filter that can be installed right within the air flow estimate and also direct the air better in the motor, which effectively updates the search engines performance. Ford Racing Spare Parts For Peace of Mind Whether you ride in a Costly limo or drive a Decades old car that is not worth a whole lot, your vehicles reliability is dependent upon how well you keep it. All vehicles that travel the streets need servicing at regular intervals from accredited and/or trained mechanisms. Routine check-ups help ascertain if your car requires any parts replaced. A faulty portion can lead to damage to your motor vehicle. Ford racing spare parts is considered higher quality options for your motor vehicle. You dont need to bother about the durability of this Replaced component, if you opt to purchase ford racing spare parts. They include no-questions-asked replacement warranty within a predetermined interval. This time frame typically exceeds the life span of spares from some other brands. Therefore, when picking racing parts ford parts become popular desired. These spares are made readily available for many car types from Hatchbacks, sedans, and SUVs, to trucks, sports cars, and solar and hybrids and f uel cell powered vehicles. With such a wide selection of merchandise on the current market, its not surprising that ford performance parts racing are highly desired by car lovers and mechanics alike. The Reason for the immense popularity of ford racing Spare parts is your companys unmatched emphasis on quality at every phase of the production. Quality isnt assessed but assembled into the product in the production site of those spares. Rigorous quality tests are conducted for raw materials, supplies, the spare part in various phases of manufacturing, and the final spare part too. While the price of those spare parts is marginally greater than other similar components, its well spent. In the long term, you could save money by purchasing ford racing spares. You must factor in how long parts will operate and their warranty. Spending the first time will save money rather than purchasing new spares.

Covert Prestige Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Covert Prestige - Essay Example This phenomenon, known as covert prestige, implies that the speaker or organization has a favorable affinity with the minority group that the slang is borrowed from (Savan 65). This gives the audience some instant familiarity with both groups and promotes their sense of fairness and individuality, even while exploiting the concept of race and using a mass marketing technique. However, this instant bonding may be an insult to the outgroup and embarrassing to the speaker. The bond formed by this appropriation of language is a shallow pandering to the fragile white need for acceptance by an out group, as well as having the potential to be insulting and demeaning to black people and their culture. America has witnessed an onslaught of products that have been promoted by loosely linking the product with the black culture through the use of black slang. These products run the gamut from individual promotion to political parties, and from underwear to news items. They are all advertisements used to promote a product or an audience. However, care must be taken when analyzing an advertisement as Savan points out that black talk has become "part and parcel of American talk" and is not easily separated or categorized (Savan 72). A recent promotion for a political segment on FOX News illustrates the multiple factors that need to be considered when using cross-cultural slang for promotion, and the difficulty in effectively implementing it. Figure 1 is a televised byline that was used to promote a FOX News segment that was meant to inform the public of Michelle Obama's impact on the presidential campaign. The byline referred to Ms. Obama as Figure 1 (Koppelman) "Obama's Baby Mama". The phrase is used among the black culture to indicate the unwed mother of someone's child. Used in the black environment it has the potential to be a term of endearment, but may also be an insult and does not stand up to cross-cultural translation. It is in the same class as the 'n' word. Assuming that Fox news would not be so egregious as to blatantly use racism in their broadcasts, it must be that Fox was trying to appropriate a black phrase in an effort to appear to be more black. This effort was not too far from the early 20th century vision of the misguided white men in blackface that used black language to entertain a white audience, and in doing so became a horror show (Savan 75). It was an attempt to show that they understood black culture without any true racial sensitivity. Savan seems to underestimate the potential for racial backlash and contends, "For the most part, that rented association is working" (69). Savan has failed to recognize the importance of cultural and soci al contextualization when evaluating an audience's response to black slang. The Ms. Obama characterization demonstrates the difficulty that advertisers face when trying to capitalize on 'covert prestige'. Some phrases and words have worked their way sufficiently into the mainstream as to have lost much of the African-American monopoly that the words once held. There is some safety in using a word that is connected to a culture, but not owned by them. The phrases 'you go girl' or 'Whassup' may have become sufficiently mainstreamed as to be 'part and parcel' of the American language, but it still requires a degree of cultural sensitivity and knowledge to make

Communication Strategies in Nike Inc Assignment

Communication Strategies in Nike Inc - Assignment Example The paper tells that Nike is dominating the sports material industry for the past 33 years. Nike emerged as the number one athletic footwear company in the US and secured the position of number two American brands in terms of name recognition among overseas consumers, the status of the company matched with that of renowned organizations such as IBM and Coca-Cola. This high degree of recognition is one of the main reasons how Nike has been so vastly successful. "Values and mission is the vision of Nike". Values and Mission both are hand glove, which makes the vision a meaningful. Nike's core values center on the spirit of competition and the thrill of winning, its mission is a big hairy, audacious goal that has led it to annihilate its competitors, Adidas and Reebok. The company's goals include delivery of value to the shareholders by building a profitable portfolio of global footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories brands. And High single-digit revenue growth; Mid-teens earnings per share growth; Increased return on invested capital and accelerated cash flows; and Consistent results through effective management of its diversified portfolio of businesses. Nike is continuously engaged in the construction of its effective and impressive strategies and to achieve the goals with its profoundly qualified and experienced team of directors and presidents and its CEO. The strategies are focused in four key areas such as 1.Deepening the company relationship with consumers, developing, improving and maintaining the relationship with the consumers is vital for any organization especially the company engaged in the business of consumer goods; 2.Delivering superior, innovative products to the marketplace, it is very important to keep a keen watch on the improving trends in technology and fashion to and adjust the quality of the products to suit accordingly to the changed conditions there fore this good strategy which can keep the customers behavior intact with the compa ny product; 3.Making the company's supply chain a competitive advantage, through operational discipline and excellence, the company supply chain also plays important role in the business sine it is ultimate wing which enables to reach the company product to the intended audience if this supply chain is not monitored, managed and not made at competitive and advantageous to the end audience the market for the product will immensely effect; and 4.Accelerating growth through focused execution, construction and planning of the strategies only the first step towards achieving the aimed growth of the industry the aims and objective can be achieved only when they are implemented and put into execution. The communication strategies of the company with its audience includes the marketing communication teams these teams which include the supplier chain, distribution chain and the sales divisions; Posters this mode of communication leaves impressions on the consumers about the company products, the posters depicting quality and its feature of the product the company wants to communicate to the intended audience; Trade shows and Displays, trade shows and displays are also effective means of communication.

IRB Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IRB Critique - Essay Example My proposed dissertation research study is made up of mixed method design, with one dominant and one secondary components of data collection. The proposed quantitative research will facilitate me with my investigation on how the academic performance of a student coincides with the job fulfillment of a teacher. In this concurrent study design, the proposed qualitative method will allow me to test specific hypothesis that will affirm my research inquiries in a moderate sample size of educators. In line with this, the following are formulated: (a) Proposed qualitative survey to be shelled out to a random sample composed of 25 K - 12 teachers, and (2) proposed structured formal personality test to be conducted to the 25 chosen participants. The research will conducted at one of the six schools in the county. Surveys and the Myers Briggs will be administered before the conclusion of the seminar. The survey will be a maximum time of 10 minutes and the MBTI will be a maximum time of 45 minutes ***May you give me some pointers with this? Totally confused *** The proposed research study will be conducted to one of the six schools in the county. Prior to the conclusion of the seminar, surveys and the Myers - Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) will be administered separately. A maximum time of 10 minutes will be spent for the survey, and a maximum time of 45 minutes for MBTI. The data gathered thru the survey and MBTI will be recorded, incorporated, and analyzed by the researcher. The result of this investigation will determine the teachers’ personality and job satisfaction. Inclusion: My population will be K-12 educators (both men and women) of various ages and years of experience. 2 teachers from each grade level with one opening for a vocational or fine arts teacher. (I don’t get this). Inclusion: This study will focus on the K - 12 teachers of both sexes, and of various age

Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John - Essay Example Matthew, Mark and Luke are the Synoptic Gospels because they are written very much alike, while John seems to stand back and view the same events in a different perspective. The overall major theme found in these first Gospels is the teaching of the way in which humans are to live as instructed by God through Jesus Christ. He was not just here to give an example of how to act, but to teach those who would listen and believe the truth and the way to salvation. He taught that through faith one could have salvation and through deed one would be following God's instructions on life. Even in persecution and death Jesus remained faithful and forever the teacher, telling the disciples to go to the ends of the world and teach what He taught them. This discussion will enlighten the basic concepts, parables and points of view in relation to Jesus and His word. According to Matthew, Jesus visited Bethany prior to being arrested in Gethsemane. It was during this time in Bethany that the disciples were told by Jesus that He would soon be leaving their presence, and that they needed to prepare to take God's word and spread it across the land (Koester 1995). Jesus knew at this time as well that the chief priests were preparing and planning for the most opportune time to arrest Jesus without causing a riot among His believers. While the time is a little off between the Gospels the important difference of this part of the story is the kiss from Judas. In Matthew it mentions that Judas greets Jesus with a kiss that is also the mark of his betrayal. The other Gospels mention the kiss, but have no mention of the initial greeting between Jesus and Judas. Some scholars speculate that Matthew retained more of his Jew background than the other disciples which will explain his mentioning and using Jew traditions as ways to tell the story. However others believe that the greeting before the kiss is just a function of literature that makes the event more believable to the followers of Jesus. During the last supper Jesus tells the disciples one of them would deny him three times, and another would betray him. Even at this point Judas knew Jesus was talking about him. He had already received the 30 silver pieces and was just waiting for the right time to take the soldiers to Jesus. Jesus told Judas to "do what you have to do." The time came at within days at the garden of Gethsemane. This betrayal of disciple and Jesus reinforces the message that Judas was fulfilling the Scriptures by betraying Jesus. Matthew's insistence that Jesus continued to adhere to many traditional forms of Jewish piety, and that he advanced the true interpretation of the Law of Moses, suggest that the author himself and some, perhaps most, of his audience were Jewish. After being arrested, Jesus is taken to see Pontus Pilate. Each of the books talks about the questioning at this time. The main difference is that fact that Matthew conveys that Pontus Pilate puts Jesus under oath of the "living God" and then asks Him if He is the Messiah. This line of questioning follows suit because at the time some Jewish and Christian groups thought Jesus was a human rabbinic teacher whom God had made into a great prophet (McGuckin 2004). According to Ehrman, the community in which Mark lived would have been the first people to have heard the word of God through Mark. He or someone in the temple would have read it to

Financial analysis of a company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial analysis of a company - Assignment Example It is extensively relied on the notion of â€Å"Celebrity Endorsement† to advertise its leading brands. Major events that occurred during the last 4 fiscal years The purchase of Rocca In 2008, Damiani Group acquired â€Å"Rocca†, a high end jewelry and watch chain leader in Italy. Rocca will represent as the first distribution brand of Damiani and it will help sell all the leading brands of the company. The acquired company has its strong footprints in the Italian market. Commercial and licensing agreements During the year 2009, the Group has signed commercial and licensing agreements for the creation, design and distribution of jewelry lines with the prestigious brands. Balance Sheet *Balance Sheet (In thousand Euros) 2008 2009 2010 2011 Inventories 94,713 121,192 106,108 96,192 Trade receivables 65,794 54,551 42,971 31,232 Tax receivables 394 5,571 3,661 2,788 Other current assets 14,718 12,619 9,777 11,401 Current financial receivables       - 1,074 Cash and cash equivalents 52,813 9,542 7,332 10,217 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 228,432 203,475 169,849 152,904 Goodwill 5,002 5,002 4,984 4,984 Other Intangible Fixed Assets 7,056 9,204 7,504 5,596 Tangible Fixed Assets 14,698 26,626 20,397 17,590 Investments 169 169 167 167 Financial receivables and other non current assets 2,663 4,655 4,479 3,493 Deferred tax assets 12,229 18,552 19,807 19,854 TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS 41,817 64,208 57,338 51,684 TOTAL ASSETS 270,249 267,683 227,187 204,588                Current portion of long term financial debt 5,162 9,681 10,040 7,861 Trade payables 65,305 70,923 57,945 54,673 Short term borrowings 16,229 2,593 1,964 5,965 Income tax payables 2,752 8,977 2,399 2,425 O ther current liabilities 5,090 6,350 4,819 4,862 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 104,675 88,387 77,167 75,786 Long term financial debt 16,631 22,029 34,356 26,316 Termination Indemnities 4,223 4,868 4,693 4,325 Deferred Tax liabilities 2,608 4,227 864 1,131 Risk reserves       649 1,431 O t her non current liabilities 2,441 2,046 431 493 TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 25,903 33,170 40,993 33,696 TOTAL LIABILITIES 137,845 114,290 118,160 109,482 Share Capital 36,344 36,344 36,344 36,344 Reserves 102,742 96,691 89,438 71,890 Group net income (loss) for the period 15,127 (4,709) (18,242) (14,525) TOTAL GROUP SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 154,213 128,326 107,540 93,709 MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY             Minority share capital and reserves 1,571 1,668 1,513 1,422 Minority net income (loss) for the period 175 (156) (26) (25) TOTAL MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 1,746 1,512 1,487 1,397 *As on 31 March of each FY Income Statement Income Statement (In thousand Euros) 2008 2009 2010 2011 Revenues from sales and services 164,919 149,289 145,365 143,323 Other recurring revenues 683 502 390 226 Other non-recurring revenues 8,506          TOTAL REVENUES 174,108 149,791 145,755 143,549 Costs of raw materials and consumables (69,898) (71,090) (82,595) (79,476) Costs of servi ces (53,719) (55,847) (50,226) (46,229) Personnel cost (24,249) (28,251) (27,017) (24,821) Other net operating (charges) incomes 2,397 6,518 843 903 Amortization and depreciation (2,503) (4,191) (5,886) (4,884) TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES (147,972) (152,861) (164,881) (154,467) OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) 26,136 (3,070) (19,126) (10,918) Financial Expenses (3,312) (2,651) (3,065) (2,926) Financial Incomes 2,153 2,277 350 377 INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES 24,977 (3,444) (21,841) (13,467) Income Taxes (9,675) (1,421) 3,573 (1,083)

The Rise and Fall of Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rise and Fall of Civilizations - Essay Example The agreement involved one party turning his lands to the other in order to receive something of value in exchange of services. The two parties made promises and honor to each other after agreeing upon a certain contract. They would therefore exchange gifts, the party of the second part would relief payment to the party of the first part where he in turn gives the sword to show honor. The author suggests that the bond established between two parties, the lord and the vassal, as a result of their agreements built by promises and honor, was a powerful way of holding off raiders and establishing peace. This bond was therefore been used as an organization by western Europeans, Mafia and MacDonald’s since it was not primitive and inefficient system. There was no relationship between the gated community and the private security because individual’s self-interest would always affect the community by misuse of power in possession of properties. The feudal system is efficient in that it reviews the complexity of social, political, and economic issues and the state of the government that facilitates the emergence of modern state through invention of new ways of implementing the government, and handling these social, political, and economic complexities. The Constantine’s famous vision was to conquer in the sign of the Christ in spite the large number of his enemy, so he confidently marched towards his destiny. This vision proofed Constantine’s success by henceforth toleration of the Christian worship throughout the empire, treating his enemies with greatest magnanimity and ensured that no bloody executions preceded he success of the Milvian Bridge. However, Constantine ensured that his warriors carried Christ’s monogram on every shield as a sign of showing respect and honor for the favor of God towards the success of their battle. Constantine worshiped Christianity because he grew up in

Civil and Environmental Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Civil and Environmental Engineering - Essay Example This is trend going to be more so in the future and civil engineers need to know how to deal with this issue (Seracino, 2006). Apparently, the trend is familiar in the modern world as can be seen in Dubai. Dubai, one of the most popular emirates of the United Arabs Emirates has set the trend where buildings are not built to only serve a technical function, but are also a cultural statement (McCuen, Ezzell & Wong, 2011). This aspect of civil engineering has brought with it more challenges to the civil engineers who in the modern world have to execute civil engineering projects that are far more complex than the technical aspects. This trend might not disappear soon. As such, civil engineers in future will be required to be more creative and more resourceful in executing their projects. Civil engineering is going to take a new turn where it will have a more social and cultural aspect. Architects are forever coming up with more complex designs which the civil engineers will have to impl ement and that are becoming a challenge. Modern civil engineers also have to be able to look at the ways they have to control the budget. As a matter of facts, numerous issues make the modern civil engineer to be good financial manager. To begin with, as Fellin (2004) modern customers are more aware of the cost of construction and are likely to offer fewer funds than it was in the early years. When a modern civil engineer gets a project, whether from the government, a firm or an individual, they are likely to get more resistance when asking for the funding of the project. In this regard, the civil engineer must be a good negotiator in order to get things done Hansen and Zenobia (2011). He or she must be able to negotiate with the financiers of the project and must also be able to negotiate with other stakeholders in the industry. Where the civil engineer is involved in the procurement of materials and other resources such

International order from 1945 to 1969 Essay Example for Free

International order from 1945 to 1969 Essay Introduction By the end of Second World War in September 1945, world had seen human tragedies and devastation of civilizations on an unprecedented scale. The enormity of disaster had brought complete social, economic and political chaos in the countries involved in the war, requiring long term restoration and rebuilding projects (Cottam and Woodby, 1998). The victorious countries, with the only exception of USA, fared hardly better than the defeated Axis nations. The creation of UNO in 1945 to restore peace and order in the world brought a sense of general relief in world and people felt that after 6 years of intense violence stability and tranquility were returning back. However, almost as the War ended sharp ideological and strategic differences emerged between the two new superpowers, USSR and USA that pushed the world from World War to Cold War. The countries that fought against Axis powers during war years were now polarized against each other in communist and democratic factions pursuing political and strategic agendas against each other. The US led democratic world was wary of the dangers of totalitarian society under the communist rule, as marked in the Stalin’s USSR (Robbins, 1988). As the dangers of communism became manifest, USA realized that its status of a true world-power required it to take effective actions and develop long term plans in promoting the ideals of democracy justice , and liberty that had shaped the free world since past two centuries. The rift between these two opposing factions assumed serious proportions in the Berlin Crisis, Korean War, Cuban missile crisis, Czechoslovakian invasion of USSR and finally Vietnam war; events that defined the period ranging from 1945 to 1969. The Strategic Condition after 1945 The strategic affairs of world saw a revolutionary changeover with the atomic strike on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Laver, 2005). Previous to the atomic age, the strategic considerations generally involved three dimensions of land, sea and air forces. However the post war strategic planning defined defense just in two dimensional terms, where air, land and sea forces were categorized as conventional system and atomic weapons, including atom bombs and atomic missiles constituted the nuclear dimension of the strategy (Laver, 2005). As Laver (2005,) points out, under the new strategic system, the approaches were apparently limited to mere identification of the more appropriate strategy between conventional and nuclear. The real strategic situation however did not unfold itself as simply as it was made to be sound on paper. There were a broad range of issues in creating an optimum strategy and policy in the deployment and use of nuclear weapons within the new international framework that required a total departure from previously established norms and tactics. According to Laver (2005) some of the major issues affecting the new strategic policies were 1. Development of new technology to effectively implement the nuclear option. 2. New defense equipments that meet the nuclear requirements. 3. Mobilizing resources for effectively equipping the armed forces with a perfect combination of conventional and nuclear weapons. 4. Evaluation and measurement of economic, political and social fallouts of nuclear strategies throughout the world. These issues occupied the US foreign and strategic completely, especially in the wake of nuclear buildup in the USSR that created a possible threat of global nuclear catastrophe between the two superpowers. The first American nuclear strategy was forwarded in 1950 that proposed that national defense strategy should be build around the concept of containment. The core of the policy was simple- halting communism through combined conventional and nuclear strength of USA. In 1953, the policy of containment was replaced by policy of deterrence where nuclear option superseded the conventional strategy. However this policy was exposed as inefficient by Henry Kissinger who argued that US lacked sufficient conventional force to check communist expansion throughout the world and that implementing nuclear option towards this end would be catastrophic for the world. The end result, as put forward by Kissinger, would be US inaction and inability to counter the growth of communism (Kissinger, 1957). Kenney recognized the utility of this idea and he established the predominance of conventional strategy over the mindless destructive potentiality of nuclear option. The Vietnam War of 1960s offered US to test its conventional strategy and the incomplete success and the delayed results brought realization that the conventional strategies required further investment of resources and technology in the way of establishing democratic ideals and principles in the world. Cold War is referred to the period from 1945 to 1990 where the strategic conflict and conflicting ideologies of US and USSR that had enveloped world under a continuous shadow of war. The terror of mutual nuclear holocaust was the only factor that prevented both countries from fledging an all out war. Cold War originated due to different political, economic and strategic standings of both USA and USSR after the end of Second World War that created a hostile world environment (Dobson and Marsh, 2001). Three reasons have been put forward to explain the origin of the Cold War. US had emerged as a colossal economic power after the War but it failed to help USSR in building up it war ravaged economy and society, whereas Western Europe received massive funding and help from the US. The second reason was contrasting economic policies and world view of USA and USSR that pitted USA’s democratic and individual ideals against totalitarian and centrally planned philosophy of Soviet Russia. The third major reason was clash of geo-political interest and ambitions of the two superpowers. Driven by the mutual misperceptions and fear of each other’s intentions, ambitions and power, USA and Soviet Russia acted in ways to ostracize each other from their exclusive zones. In 1947 Marshall Plan of USA, that aimed to provide financial assistance in preventing an immanent collapse of Europe, sought to keep USSR out of the entire project. USSR, growing deeply suspicious of USA’s expansionist policies reacted by closing Western access to Berlin, creating first major crisis of the Cold War in 1948. Events unfolded dramatically with US led forces providing airlift to Berlin through 1948 and 1949, USSR responding by closing Western’s access to most of eastern European nations and creation of NATO in 1949 (Dobson and Marsh, 2001). These events firmly sequestrated the two sides and sealed any possible chances of reconciliation. With the outbreak of Korean war in 1950 and USSR’s expansionist policies in South East Asia, USA prepared itself for an all out diplomatic, ideological and if required armed intervention to combat its sworn enemy. The Cold War essentially transformed into a battle of showdown with both the countries trying to outmatch other by trade embargos, increasing efforts of polarization, espionage and technological race to develop greater horde of nuclear weapon and space research. The second major crisis of the Cold War was precipitated in the form of Cuba missile crisis. US intelligence information reported deployment of USSR’s nuclear missile in Cuba with range and payload to strike major US cities and places of strategic importance. There was intense pressure on the then President Kennedy to respond to crisis by military intervention in Cuba. However this step involved risks that the crisis may evolve into a full fledged nuclear war between USA and USSR. Restrain from Kennedy and right diplomatic measures helped to avert a major nuclear disaster. The final episode marking the international order from 1945 to 1969 was civil war in Vietnam in 1965 and the US intervention that led to more than 50, 000 US casualties and international embarrassment for US policymakers. Reference Cottam, M. L, Woodby, S. (1988). The Changing Agenda: World Politics since 1945. Westview Press: Boulder Dobson, A. P. and Marsh, S. (2001). U. S. Foreign Policy since 1945. Routledge: London. Henry Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy New York: Harper, 1957, Laver, H. S. (2005). Preemption and the Evolution of Americas Strategic Defense: Parameters. Volume: 35. Issue: 2. Robbins, K. (1988). The World since 1945: A Concise History. Contributors: Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Macroeconomic Performance of the Ten Countries Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomic Performance of the Ten Countries Essay What was Expected from the Governments and Central Banks of These New Entrants? On May 1, 2004, ten Central European and Mediterranean countries joined the EU and their names are as follows: Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia.   This raised the enlargement to 25 countries that comprise of 450 million people, which is more than the population of the U.S. and Japan combined. [1] This accession will compel the new member states governments to utilize the EU legislation without much exception and will enable them to enjoy all the advantages that go with it, and once they go through a certain period and show improvements, they will be included in Schengen area and the euro zone. In addition, from the year 2004 to 2006 they are entitled to receive a payment of 45 billion euros in a form of a community aid and 30.7 billion euros in a form of payment appropriations.   As a result, according to two treaties that were signed in Amsterdam and Nice that were the basis through which the enlargement was conducted, the intent of the whole arrangement was to make the enlarged Europe more democratic, transparent, and effective calling on all governments to work on these areas. The end result of the enlargement had been labeled as a historical precedence that will change the dimensions of the continent and it is believed to put the division of the past behind ushering in democracy, freedom, and stability to the whole region.   At the same time it is believed that it creates opportunities for all involved where the early 15 nations business share and economical activity had increased, while the new entrants have also reaped economic advantage that was not available for them before the assesstion. What had come into existence is a union of 450 million people and had already represented at the time the union was effected one-fourth of the world wealth, giving the region a new leading economic power.   In addition, the role the continent is playing in the international scene had gotten enhancement, especially in security and defense policy. [2] The new states and their governments that are joining the Union will have to adhere to the Copenhagen Criteria and it has three components.   The first component is any of the nations that are joining the union should reach a certain level of stability and should have establishments that oversee and guarantee democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and the observing of the rights of minorities.   Then the second one which is an economic criteria stipulates that the nations adhere to the principle of the market economy and have a mechanism that enables them to deal with competitive pressure and market forces that will be directed at them after joining the EU. What is called acquis communautaire adoption criterion anticipates that the candidates should put themselves in a position to shoulder the membership’s obligations, as well as a strict adherence to the principles of the political, economic, and monetary union.   Through all this process the Union is responsible for evaluating, recommending, and approving of the states’ performance and it will evaluate the capacity of the Union to absorb more members without affecting the normal functioning of the existing Union members. The process starts when European countries apply to join the Union and that will be evaluated based on how the applicant nations with the guidance of their respective governments meet the Copenhagen political and economic criteria, and the accession is granted only when the requirements are met.   The nations through their governments will have to agree to apply the EU legislation that is over 80,000 pages from day one, even if there are a few exceptions that will allow the new entrants a leeway as long as it is not going to intervene with the smooth operation of the activities of the other members.   When the EU is convinced that the applying nations meet all the requirements of the Copenhagen criteria the next phase will kick in, which is the signing of the accession treaty. [3] The ten Central European and Mediterranean states, through macroeconomic plans that were introduced and carried out by their respective governments had gone through this process before getting permission to join the Union.   And once they joined the Union there are more questions arising because it is difficult to say what currency they should be using and as long as they meet the Maastricht criteria they are expected to the join the euro zone by abandoning their own currency. Here the various central banks play a leading role because it is known that it will take them some time to meet the requirements and while working to meet the requirements they will have to focus on their structural and economic reforms so that they will manage to have a better convergence in both nominal and real terms.   Since the other requirement before joining the euro is entering the Exchange Rate Mechanism of the European Monetary System, the ERM II will require them to abandon their own monetary policy. It does not necessarily mean this route fits everyone since the rigorous stability requirement applied by the exchange rate could derail the existing stand of their current account, simply because when there is appreciation in their currency it will affect their competitiveness, because of the high price they will be forced to charge.   The other worry is joining the ERM II should not result in overvaluing their currency whereby they will be obligated to devalue their currency in the two years test period.   From what had been witnessed most of the nations had an open economy that was heavily reliant on trade with EU countries and if they can eliminate the transaction cost in any way, which would include currency exchange, they will embrace it. [4] The final outcome was from the ten countries that joined the Union Slovenia, Lithuania, and Estonia were able to enter the ERM II and were expected to join the euro zone on January 1st, 2007, simply because they had met most of the criteria. But the only nation that managed to join the euro was Slovenia showing that the others did not meet some of the requirements, they need more time to make the adjustments, and might be able to join the euro by the year 2008. The other three nations Latvia, Cyprus, and Malta had also joined ERM II and could join the euro in 2008.   The remaining members Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland are deemed to wait longer to better meet the criteria.   [5] The Macroeconomic Policy These Nations had been Following After Joining the Union. To address this question starting from the Central European nation that just joined the euro zone in January 1, 2007 might shed light on the areas that the nation did right while the other two nations Lithuania and Estonia will have to wait at least up to 2008 to be evaluated if they would meet the requirement of the ERM II.   The nation had $17,290 per capita income in 2005, it had a population of two million people, and it was among the most successful transition economies.   The nation’s GDP per capita in 2005 was 81% of the other EU members, which must have helped it to get a high score, since it is the only nation that has such a high percentage. According to the report the prosperity of Slovenia is due to its gradual and consensual approach to reform, which has made it different from the other nine countries.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has worked hard to attain this position although lately its competitiveness is eroding.   Another area that had lagged was foreign direct investment (FDI) due to the slower pace and the general reluctance to interact with foreign sources resulting the FDI to be 1.2% of GDP between 1997-2005.   Even if it had reached once to 7% of GDP it had gone back to .02% of GDP in 2005 and this falling behind is curtailing the advancement the nation could have attained, yet it did not prevent it from joining the euro, simply because the possibility is within reach. [6] As far as economic growth is concerned the nation has averaged 3.9% it the mentioned period and had managed to fend off macroeconomic imbalances that were commonplace with the other transitional economies and its tight fiscal and monetary policy had resulted in allowing it to have a near balanced budget with a 1.7% budget and 1.1% current deficit, another good performance that was coupled with an enhanced foreign trade. The country also had managed to bring inflation under control and it had it at a single-digit since 1996.   Another advantage the nation had was it had a strong performance where the GDP growth was at 3.9% fueled by a rise in foreign demand.   In all this, inflation was under control at 2.5% and that was attained by allowing wage to lag behind productivity growth, by making up for oil price increase by introducing excise tax, and by attaining a stable exchange rate. [7] The next nation to look at is Lithuania which was among the three nation that were slated to join the eruo in 2007,   but has not made it and looking at its performance might shade light on how it fared.   The first glaring difference between the two countries is the per capita income where in Lithuania it was $7,210 in 2005 even if the population in Slovenia was only 1.4 million, whereas the population in Lithuania is 3.4 million. Other than that the GDP growth of 7.5% was much higher and it was the fastest growing economy in the region. It also had much more to export, which included refined oil, machinery and equipment, and textile.   It is not different than the other countries that are heavily dependant on the euro zone for their exports, the average being 60%.   The other advantage it had over Slovenia was it had enjoyed a peak GDP growth of 10% in 2003 since it was in a better position to create wage growth by bringing down unemployment from 17% down to 6% and in doing that it had got help from the EU fund that it was entitled for joining the Union in 2004. At the same time, it had a much better domestic demand that is enabling it to drive its economy.   Yet, there is a sign of heating of the economy as there is shortage of workers since they are migrating to the UK and Ireland.   After joining ERM II it had shown an impressive commitment to adopt the euro and was able to liberalize its pricing and most of its trades had been directed to the EU zone.  Ã‚   The other factors such as privatization had been taken care of to the point where all factors of production are in the private hands, and it had also been working in the area of FDI that is seeing a steep increase.    If there is another aspect that is holding it back it could the unparalleled poverty level in the nation and it is at 52% purchasing power parity compared to 81% enjoyed by Slovenia.   And one of the reasons that it did not qualify might be at least 16% of its population lives under the poverty line and poverty is widespread in the rural area where it is considered to be up to 57% of the poor are living.   That area might be the reason that contributed to its being held back for a while since all the indicators including health and education are going badly lacking in these regions. [6] Estonia that was in the list to join the euro in January 1, 2007 with the other two nations is a relatively smaller country with a population of 1.35 million and its per capita income is $9,100.   This nation has fewer natural resources and it depends on trade for the most part.   Its main specialty export is telecom.   Its GDP growth performance was not bad at 7.5%. The country had been a main gateways for trade between the Soviet Union and the West that is said to have given it some advantage and because of that the education level and the standard of living of the people was higher that other member countries. In 2005 its GDP growth had reached 9.8% resulting in the heating up of the economy as the unemployment rate had gone down, while at the same time workers are migrating to the other EU countries.   What is driving its economy is the domestic demand that is expanding due to income growth and credit expansion that is also taking export higher.   If there is any problem highlighted it is the overheating of the economy and the current account defect that is at 11% of GDP in 2005 and was at 13% in 2004, which would mean this could be one of the reasons why its plan to join the euro in 2007 had been postponed. [8] The other three nations slated for 2008 to join the euro are Latvia, Cyprus, and Malta.   Latvia has a per capita income of $6,750 and has 2.3 million people where one-third of them are living in the capital city.   The nation has few natural resources and is an importer for the most part and the import includes natural gas, oil, and electricity.   The source of GDP for 2005 was 23% industry, 73% service, and the remaining 4% was from agriculture. The country had some difficulty adjusting after it left the Soviet Union and the situation was turned around by the fiscal discipline the government introduced, where a cap was put to the subsidies enterprises were getting.  Ã‚   The government’s early liberalization effort had enabled the nation to join WTO in 1999.   Overall, the nation had converted itself into a market economy, which enabled it to join the EU in 2004.  Ã‚   Market and price liberalization, privatization, restriction on foreign transaction all are in the right perspective and the result had been positive where privatization is almost complete. Other areas overhauled were the legal system, institutions, and the social safety net.  Ã‚   The GDP growth had made it to 10.2% in 2005 and the unemployment rate was at 8.7% in the same year.   Some of the malice that is affecting the other nations such as low-income level, which was at 47% of the EU average had not spared this nation either.   Because of that labor migration had been escalating after joining the Union which is feared to create a problem in the long run while at the same time the population is aging.   Because of this there is a fear of overheating and the deficit has reached 12.4% while inflation is at 6%, which has contributed to the holding back of the nation from joining the euro and that might be possible in 2010. [6] Cyprus on the other hand has a highly developed infrastructure with a population of 784,000 and with a per capita of $7135.   The macroeconomic policy of the government had focused on meeting the requirement of joining the EU.   There was oil discovery in the sea south of Cyprus and negotiations had gone underway with the neighboring Egypt how to exploit the finding. The overall market structure is based on a free-market basis and is heavily dependant on the service sector, yet there is lack of investment from government and private sector, while at the same time the high cost of freight had been scaring business away, and all this had been worsened by the lack of skilled labor.   In spite of this handicap, the GDP growth rate had made it to 11.4 in 2004 and yet it is lagging behind in attracting FDI.   Even if there is a political problem between the north and south, this particular nation might be among the nations that would join the EU in 2008. [9] Malta is also another island with a population of 404,000, which had transformed itself into a freight transshipment and a financial center as well as a tourist destination.   In addition, it has some limestone and a better productive labor force than Cyprus where the economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism.   Its per capita income is much higher than most countries at $20,300 and the unemployment rate for 2006 was at 6.8%.   The island has liberalized its market and privatized some government-controlled firms and the possibility that it might join the euro zone is there. [9] The other nations Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, are much bigger nations and there is Slovakia also that are slated to join the euro gradually after meeting the criteria, which might prove to be difficult to them because of their size.   If we take the case of the Czech Republic, it has a population of 10.2 million and a per capita income of $11,110 making it among the highest income earning countries.   After joining the EU in 2004 the process of transforming the economy from centrally planned to a market driven economy is almost complete.   There had been a considerable fiscal consolidation, and the inflation is low at 1.8%, while at the same time it had no problem with its balance of payments. Foreign direct investment is 50% of the GDP making it the only nation that enjoys such inflows of investment, yet, in spite of it, it had a high unemployment rate of more than 8% and is persisting, which might have been because of its high population that is not affected much by the migration of labor. The GDP growth for 2005 was 6%, attained mainly through export created through FDI in the automotive sector.   The fiscal deficit for 2005 was at 3% whereas the current account deficit fell to 2.3% for 2005.   Because of the high unemployment, which is the outcome of sluggish economic performance it might have to stay a bit longer before joining the euro, although the expectation is it will meet the requirement eventually. [10] More or less, the same is applicable to the other three countries Hungary, Poland, Slovakia whose population is 10 million, 38 million, 5.4 million respectively, making Poland the highest populated country among the EU-10 countries.   While Hungry had $10,050 per capita income, Poland had $7,110, and Slovakia had $8,130 in 2005.   Poland had to deal with structural reforms to consolidate public finance, tackle unemployment and poverty, work on making the nation attractive for business by introducing a more efficient government. The fact that up to seven million people live in poverty does not make it look as a good candidate for the euro yet and the unemployment rate is the highest at 16%.   However, the situation is a bit changing after joining the EU in 2004 and there was a growth of 5.3% in GDP in 2004, which created high consumption level, investment opportunity, and a better exporting level, and eventually it will make it a proper candidate to join the euro as it is working to meet that goal.   Its FDI is at 5% of GDP and that is low for such a large country although its inflation rate is low at 2.1% and its current account defect is also under control. [6] On the other hand, Hungary is in a much better position since it was able to attract FDI that is enabling it to build a robust private exporting sector.   If there is a problem, the budget deficit is at 8% due to higher public spending and tax reduction, which could affect the economy in the long run.   Inflation had slowed down to 3.5% for 2005 which was due to regulated prices and a decrease on indirect taxes. The unemployment rate stood at 7.2% in 2006.   Even if the government had introduced a fiscal consolidation program what might be needed to change the situation is a long term structural reform.   Hungary is moving steadily to join the euro gradually, and is better situated than the rest of the countries that are in line to join the euro in the coming years. [6] Slovakia is also in a similar situation with the others where it had a 6% GDP growth in 2005 and had unemployment rate of 16.2%.   In recent years, especially after joining the EU in 2004 it had undertaken major steps to decentralize its economy.   The government had introduced reform in many areas including welfare, pension, health care, labor market, and public finance.   Its GDP for 2005 grew by around 6% and inflation was at 2.7%. The fiscal deficit was at 3.3% while the current account deficit had been 7.8% of GDP for 2005 and it had FDI rate 2.7% of GDP.   Overall, it is working toward meeting the EU’s criteria to join the euro although it is difficult to say when it will meet all the requirements. [6] The conclusion is, there are requirements these nations will have to meet and the major ones are to tackle high level of inflation, a budget deficit below 3% of GDP, the public debt has to be at a manageable level, and maintaining a long term low interest rate in parallel to other central banks. If these are in place side by the side with the Maastricht and the Copenhagen Treaty criteria the time it will take them to join the euro will be shorter. Otherwise, their participation could affect the smooth operation of the whole Union, as well as it will put them at a disadvantage offsetting their whole fiscal and monetary policy. [11] REFERENCE The Union Welcomes Ten New Countries [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.delnam.cec.eu.int/OurNewsletter/2004/ECNewsMay04.pdf.   March 14, 2007. European Parliament Fact Sheet. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.europal.europa.eu/facts/2_3_0_en.htm.   March 14, 2007. The Challenge of European Economy in 2004. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2004/html/sp040129.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Euro in a Wider Circle. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ece.int/press/key/date/2004/html/sp041119.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Redefining Europe. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚   www.inter-dicpilanry.net/AUD/AUD2/s10.htm.   March 14, 2007. World Bank. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.worldbank.com (countries).   March 14, 2007. ECB Panel Intervention at the Euro Conference. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ecb.int/press/date/2007/html/sp07115_1.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Commission Assessment of Estonia Convergence. [Online]. Available:   http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/about/activities/sgp/country/commass/ee/ass_ee20032004.   Ã‚  Ã‚   March 14, 2007. CIA The World Fact Book. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://cia.gov (countries).   March 14, 2007. Macroeconomic. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/books/pdf_0304/III.pdf.   March 14, 2007. The European Union and Its Expanding Economy. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://jpn.cec.eu.int.home/speech_en_speech%2009/2005.php.   March 14, 2007

Conspiracy Theories Surrounding the Apollo 11 Landing

Conspiracy Theories Surrounding the Apollo 11 Landing Phillip Scott Apollo 11 Landing: Fact or Fiction? Did the United States successfully land on the moon on July 20, 1969? Were astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin the first humans to walk on the surface of the moon? There are groups of people who would have us believe NASA faked the Apollo 11 landing and its accompanying moonwalk. They claim NASA staged and recorded this event in a studio or desert location and much of their proof of this is in the photographs and videos NASA provided to the public. There are many reasons why they believe it was a hoax. Some believe it was technically impossible to land on the moon in 1969, so the United States staged the landing to win the race to the moon against the Soviet Union (Braeunig). Others believe it was a hoax designed just to irritate the Soviet Union (Runde). They derive most of their claims from the photographs that NASA made available to the public. These conspiracy claims are simply untrue and have been easily refuted and explained by those familiar with NASA’s space prog rams and the science of space. The late Bill Kaysing, a former document cataloger at Rocketdyne, is the person many would consider the father of the moon landing hoax (Braeunig). He and other advocates of this conspiracy theory based their claims on many things, but they primarily point at perceived anomalies in the Apollo 11 photographs (Braeunig) and the inability to view the landing site on the moons surface using telescopes (Than). Their claims are erroneous, misguided and foolish. There are many experts from NASA and the private sector who have proven beyond a doubt that their claims are false. For example, Mr. Kaysing claimed the shadows in the photographs are not parallel to each other, indicating multiple light sources must have been present when they took the photographs (Plait, Fox Television and the Apollo Moon Hoax). The response to this claim is simple. While the sun is the only natural light source on the moon, its light reflects off the moon’s surface, the lunar module, and even the astronaut’s white space suits, so it appears as multiple light sources were present. However, as Dr. Phil Plait explains â€Å"Each object casts one shadow, so there can only be one light source† (Plait, Fox Television and the Apollo Moon Hoax). This, as well as elevation differences on the moon’s surface, is why the shadows do not always appear parallel to each other (Braeunig). Mr. Kaysing also claimed the American flag looked as if it was flapping or waving in the wind and that would not be possible on the moon. On the Fox television show Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?, Kaysing stated â€Å"This must have been from an errant breeze on the set. A flag wouldnt wave in a vacuum† (qtd. in Plait, Fox Television and the Apollo Moon Hoax). According to Dr. Plait, â€Å"In a vacuum or not, when you whip around the vertical pole, the flag will ‘wave’, since it is attached at the top. The top will move first, then the cloth will follow along in a wave that moves down. This isnt air that is moving the flag, its the cloth itself† (Plait, Fox Television and the Apollo Moon Hoax). Another of the conspiracy claims is that stars should be visible in the dark sky of the images. However, the bright conditions on the moon’s surface and the subjects that the astronauts photographed required them to use fast exposure settings on their cameras (Than). This limited incoming light and prevented the recording of the stars on film. These hoax theorist should remember that the astronauts were photographing their activities on the surface of the moon, not trying to capture pictures of the stars from the surface of the moon (Braeunig). As for the claim that the landing site and the hardware purportedly left at the site should be visible using Earth-based telescopes, it is simply not possible. â€Å"No telescope on Earth or in space has that kind of resolving power† (Than). As Dr. Plait further explains, â€Å"Even with the biggest telescope on Earth, the smallest thing you can see on the surface of moon is something bigger than a house† (qtd. in Than). There are many technical reasons why this is so, but as Dr. Plait explains, â€Å"the ability for a telescope to resolve an object is, as you’d expect, directly related to the size of the mirror or lens† (Plait, Moon Hoax: Why Not Use Telescopes to Look at the Landers? Bad Astronomy). This makes it impossible to resolve something as small as the landing site or the equipment left there using Earth-based telescopes. Even with the Hubble Space Telescope, with its 94 inch aperture, â€Å"the smallest object that can be resolved by HST is abo ut 300 feet† (Braeunig). However, in 2009, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, orbiting at an altitude of 15 miles above the moon’s surface, captured some outstanding images of all the Apollo landing sites. The images of the Apollo 11 landing site show the equipment they left there and even the tracks the astronauts left as they walked from the lunar module to the location of the various equipment items and even to a nearby crater (SPACE.com Staff). Still, the conspiracy theorist refute all the proof offered and continue to believe this was all a hoax. These conspiracy theorist have many other claims that the Apollo 11 landing was a conspiracy and various experts have refuted and explained every one of them. However, these conspiracy theorist continue to believe the United States created this hoax to fool the world. The only proof that might change their beliefs would be for one of their â€Å"trusted agents† to travel to the moon to witness the site wher e Apollo 11 landed. There are many reasons for their conspiracy beliefs, but the questions they should ask themselves is: Why would the United States spend billions of dollars on a hoax then leave such sloppy evidence in the very images they provided to the public as proof it happened? If this were a hoax, how could so many people involved in such a conspiracy remain silent for so many years (Cain)? The facts are not debatable. There is no reason to doubt that on July 20 1969, the United States successfully landed Apollo 11 on the moon and that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin exited their lunar module and walked on the surface of the moon. Works Cited Braeunig, Robert A. The Moon Hoax Debate. The Moon Hoax Debate. n.d. Web. 11 February 2015. Cain, Fraser. How Do We Know the Moon Landing Isnt Fake?. 14 April 2014. Web. 11 February 2015. Plait, Phil. Fox Television and the Apollo Moon Hoax. 13 February 2001. Web. 17 February 2015. —. Moon Hoax: Why Not Use Telescopes to Look at the Landers? Bad Astronomy. 12 August 2008. Web. 12 February 2015. Runde, Michael. 11 Proofs That The Apollo Moon Landings Were NOT Fake.. Ed. N.P. 18 July 2014. Web. 11 February 2015. SPACE.com Staff. Apollo 11 Moon Landing Site Seen in Unprecedented Detail | Moon Photos | Space.com.. 13 March 2013. Web. 11 February 2015. Than, Ker. Photos: 8 Moon-Landing Hoax MythsBusted. National Geographic Society. 16 July 2009. Webpage. 11 February 2015.

Bipolar Disorder Essay -- Health, Diseases

Mental illness comes in many forms one of the most prevalent forms facing people today is depression. The realm of depression encompasses many different types and forms, some of these are, Seasonal Affect Disorder commonly called SAD, Bipolar Disorder, Postpartum, Chronic Depression, and situational depression to name a few. When many people think about depression they think about a person who is stereotypically down on life. However they don’t see the people who suffer from extreme highs, as well as extreme lows. They don’t see the people who at one point in time can feel really optimistic, and have grad plans. They may be impulsive and make risky choices without thinking about their consequences. The next day they could have problems sleeping, thoughts of suicide, and be very irritable in nature (Segal, 2). These different symptoms are possible signs of bipolar disorder. This papers goal is to explore these highs and lows, the types of bipolar, as well as types of pe ople who are prone to this disease, the types of common behaviors found in people with bipolar, and the kinds of treatment that can be taken. Most people are in there late adolescent to early adult years when they have their first encounter with a bipolar disorder episode. Another prevalent characteristic for those who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a genetic link; many people who develop bipolar disorder have an immediate family member with the disease. Many people who develop symptoms of bipolar are misdiagnosed initially due to the confusing onset of symptoms (Segal, 2). Another group of people who strangely enough have a predisposition to bipolar disorder are Americans; Americans bipolar disorder rate is at 4.4%.; whereas, the worldwide rate is at 2.4%... ...nding their lives. I believe that they thought at that point they were only hurting their families by their depressive actions, they probably thought by ending their lives they were making it better for their families. I sincerely hope that one day we will find a way to end the cycle of depression so that no one has to go through the pain that many people all over the world have had to go through when someone decides to end their life. One time in my family was enough two times was two times too many. The best thing you can do as a family member of someone of bipolar is be familiar about the disorder the more you know the more you can do to help should the need arise. One should also familiarize themselves with the warning signs of a possible suicide. I have given a brief introduction to bipolar as a medical condition but there is so much more to know and learn.

A Ladys Maid and Cinderella :: essays papers

A Ladys Maid and Cinderella The Lady’s Maid and Cinderella: Two Similar Storylines Children’s stories are often simple, with loveable characters and a feel-good ending. However, these simple plots sometimes have an underlying meaning that may be the basis for adult stories with social, intellectual, or emotional themes. For example, The Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is not only about a girl who is looking for the way home who meets some charming friends along the way. It was written as Populist propaganda for the entire Populist movement of the early 1900’s! The children’s tale of Cinderella can be interpreted in much the same way. It portrays a young orphaned girl named Cinderella who is enslaved by her stepmother. She works diligently throughout her life, searching for love, comfort, and a home. The myth in Cinderella is very strong. The presence of a Fairy Godmother creates a supernatural element in the story. Through the mythical godmother, Cinderella eventually obtains happiness by marrying Prince Charming. In â€Å"The Ladyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Maid,† by Katherine Mansfield, the narrator and maid is named Ellen. (Name similarity?) She, much like Cinderella, is loyal and quiet in performing her daily duties. Ellen is also searching for something to complete her life. But several incidents in Ellen’s life contribute to her un-Cinderella-like ending, including the fact that she does not have a mythical figure to help her out. These scenes, which are shown through Ellen’s responses to interactions with characters around her, prove Ellen to be a very complex character. Both Ellen and Cinderella experience sadness from childhood experiences and devotion to the ladies that they serve, but whereas Cinderella overcomes her problems in the end and finds happiness, Ellen carries her emotions so deeply that she cannot break free from her enslaved life. When comparing Cinderella and Ellen, a their childhoods are obviously similar in many respects. Both the girls lack a constant loving home and a strong mother figure. Losing a parent at a young age is distressing to Cinderella in much the same way as it is for Ellen. Because the girls were never close with their parents because of death, they never developed the ties of loving mother-daughter relationships. Cinderella worked for her stepmother at a very young age, and after Ellen lived with her grandfather and an aunt, she was sent to work as a maid at age thirteen.

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in Emerging Economies: Copyright Law and Enforcement in Pakistan :: Software Technology Protection Essays

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in Emerging Economies: Copyright Law and Enforcement in Pakistan Introduction The United States and Pakistan have similar laws protecting software using copyright and patents despite being at very different stages of economic development. Pakistan has an emerging economy with a per capita GDP of $2000 per capita and a literacy rate of 46%.[i] The US has a more mature economy with per capita GDP of $37,600 and a 97% literacy rate[ii]. Despite having similar laws regarding copyright and patent protection Pakistan has rampant piracy problems not seen in the US. It is estimated that 95% of digital media sold in Pakistan is pirated[iii]. This may be in part due to the high cost of software relative to income compared to US where software piracy exists but is less rampant. This discrepancy raises the question: Is it ethical to apply the same rules to two countries regardless of economic condition and industry maturity and what is the global effect of having the same laws but enforcing them differently? Background Two primary methods for protecting software throughout the world are patents and copyright[iv]. Each provides a different measure of protection. The goal of each is to promote the sharing of new inventions and creative works while ensuring that the developer of the work is compensated. Copyright provides the copyright holder rights to the work for 75 years after creation or 50 beyond author’s death whichever is shortest. It not only protects the actual syntax of the code from being copied but covers structure, sequence, and organization of the program. This is to prevent people from simply rewriting an application in another programming language. Copyright, as applied to more traditional written works such as books and songs provide for â€Å"fair use† by others. Fair use means that others can use a small portion of a copyright protected work without permission for certain reasons such as education or critical commentary. The fair use clause is not really applic able to software because it is rare that a small portion of a computer program would be used in the situations covered by the fair use clause. This is an example of stretching an existing law to cover new technology. Patents protect software in a different way by giving the creator rights to the process performed by the protected program.

How does Frayn present ideas about growing up in Spies? Essay

In the novel Spies, the motifs of personal growth, growing up and childhood are all integral to the plotline. It could be said that besides the theme of memory, growing up is the most crucial theme of the novel. As a genre, Spies fits clearly into bildungsroman style, showing the importance of Stephen’s personal development with relation to the storyline. Throughout Spies, Stephen shows a great deal of personal growth as a character, from his outlook on life, to the ways he interacts with other characters. Frayn expresses this through a variety of literary techniques. Spies’ narrative style is set from two perspectives. Firstly, a reflective third person narrative from Stefan’s perspective as an elderly man that is recalling childhood memories. Secondly, a more direct first person narrative which seems to be more the perspective of Stephen as a young child. The contrast in narrative allows for greater flexibility in showing the contrast between the more mature man, and his younger counterpart. In chapter 9 when Mrs Hayward appeals to Stephen for his help, the perspective switches in the middle of the chapter, which is also indicative of the thought process of the character at that point. By the use of third person narrative to begin the chapter, Frayn gives Stephen’s mind a sense of distance and separation from the event, emphasising the surreal situation of an adult woman ‘driven to humble herself’ by asking a child for help, and Stephen’s inability to cope with the confusion that brings. It shows how at that point, despite his growing maturity, Stephen had not fully matured enough to fully comprehend what Mrs Hayward was asking of him. By dealing with this from a reflective aspect, allows for the elder Stefan to fill in some of the gaps in younger Stephen’s knowledge and understanding of the situation. When the perspective switches to the first person, it gives a greater sense of involvement of Stephen in the scene, and thus adopts language that is more childlike, and a younger inner voice. This again emphasises the difference between the thoughts of younger, and elder Stephen, and provides contrast between child and adulthood. Whereas younger Stephen’s sentences are much shorter and abrupt such as ‘Silence again. I sneak another look’, older Stefan’s language is more complex and extensive, as in examples like ‘he’d begun as her antagonist, now he was to become her accomplice’, showing that Stefan’s ability to express himself has yet to fully develop. These contrasting perspectives also allow to clearly show when the younger Stephen matures or achieves clarity on some thought, as in chapter eight. In this chapter, he claims ‘I see all kinds of things I never saw before’. Another example is when he begins to realise after Barbara’s interpretation that perhaps his and Keith’s ideas that Mrs Hayward is a German spy are perhaps false, or misunderstood. They also create many of the humorous points of the novel, by identifying childish misconceptions of life, and expressing them in a frank manner, as they would have been thought by the children. Characters such as Barbara Berrill and the Hardiment children provide aspects of comedy as to how they perceive the world, and how they are perceived by Stephen and the other children of the close. Barbara, being slightly older than Stephen, appears to have a more mature view on the world, yet it is shown how it is not necessarily correct, as when she claims ‘lots of ladies have boyfriends while everyone’s Daddies are away’. This shows a more romantic outlook on the world, biased by girls’ magazines and entertainment predominately focused more towards love, relationships, and families, rather than war and machismo. Other instances include credence being given to Elizabeth Hardiment due to the fact that she wears glasses; with no other basis for the claim that she is more knowledgeable or intelligent than any of the other children. Frayn also makes frequent use of symbolism to imply aspects of personal growth or sexual awakening. On a large scale, the tunnel that both Mrs Hayward and Stephen pass through to get to the barns can be said to represent a grander theme of Stephen’s transition from safety of childhood, to the more troubling nature of adulthood that Mrs Hayward frequents often. The fact that in order to make that transition Stephen is forced to confront guilt and self doubt shows his maturity as an individual, despite his motives for visiting the barns. Originally, this investigation is done with Keith, in order to discover Mrs Hayward’s secrets, but later again on his own Stephen shows a greater level of development, braving to face the barns on his own for reasons less self-motivated than before. Other smaller symbols used to represent growth include cigarettes and ‘x’ marks. Both of these symbols hold sexual connotations for Stephen, showing another aspect of how he matures throughout the novel. Cigarettes are a motif used throughout the novel to suggest intimacy and sexual relationships, as Deidre Berrill and Stephen’s brother Geoff are known to smoke together. This is explained to Stephen by Barbara in chapter 9 when she tells him ‘they smoke cigarettes and then they kiss each other’, thus implying there is a natural link and progression from one to the other. Mrs Hayward is also discovered to be leaving cigarettes for Uncle Peter in the barns, with the implication that they also smoke them together – another sign of intimacy. Finally also, Stephen and Barbara share cigarettes, this being indicative of their blooming relationship and Stephen’s increasing feelings towards her. As at the beginning of the novel, Stephen would not lower himself enough socially to talk to Barbara, the fact that he shares cigarettes with her further on shows how he has matured sexually, but also socially enough that he no longer feels that all girls are not worth talking to. The ‘x’ marks also represent sexual aspects of life to Stephen, being associated with kisses, femininity, equations, and things that he does not fully understand. As he begins to understand the meanings of the ‘x’ marks, he also begins to realise the childish nature of what he originally believed Mrs Hayward’s secrets were about. By maturing enough to grasp the more romantic nature of ‘x’ marks, rather than the sinister, allows him to accept more the idea that Mrs Hayward’s secret is of a more feminine and sexual nature than her being a German spy. Therefore, the ideas Frayn presents on the concept of growing up in Spies are largely in the use of symbolism and perspective switch, creating the varying levels of understanding for younger Stephen, and allowing the reader to understand the contrast between the thoughts and perspective of the younger character, versus the more elderly character reflecting. This also reinforces the overall theme of memory in the novel, as to have only one perspective throughout Spies would deny the reader to a whole level of the character’s emotions, either the more analytical emotions expressed in reflective speech, or the more abrupt and immediate emotions of the character as he is dealing with the situations he is facing. It is the combination of the two that creates the level of effectiveness that Spies has as a novel.

Green Washing and Its Effects on Consumer Perspectives Essay

The term dark- kelvin washing denotes the rehearse of preposterous or misleading info concerning chiliadish marketing by companies to oblige consumers to buy their convergences on the perception that the association is environmentally friendly. It involves the misleading use of jet marketing to endorse a false perception that the company products or policies ar environmentally friendly. Green washing has been development in the recent years in general due to the increa wrongg demand for green products. Due to increa violateg concerns rough orbiculate warming, consumers be increasingly demanding for economically responsible for(p) products (Hart, 1997).Companies that seek to survive have no option barely to either bequeath these products or to fake them. Another understanding why green washing is ontogenesis is due to the fact that the sales of green oriented products have plusd. A cartoon carried extinct in the United States showed that in 2007, 328 products lab elled environmentally friendly were launched by major manufacturers. This was a signifi spatet increase as in 2002 only 5 products were labelled the same (Bansal & Roth, 2000). The rise of green products in the market has forced companies to take in charge green washing in fix to compete effectively.Another reason why green washing is growing is that the talk of environmental messages is still not controlled by any industrial wide standards. Companies be free to disseminate information about their environmental policies without any restrictions hence they sack up provide misleading information at go out. The final reason why green washing is common is that government live up to and regulation is still pending. An analysis by HSBC on passed and pending economic input packages of 15 countries reported that over US $3 trillion is intended to budge economies for the next ten years (Bazzillier & Vauday, 2009).A large percentage of this money will support environmental objectives . This situation has resulted in the increase of lobbying which in turn has resulted in a situation whereby companies have to consort tactical opportunities that do not adapt to their messages on environmental friendliness. Ways of Carrying out Green Washing There are several techniques of green washing apply by companies. Although only a a couple of(prenominal) literatures exist on the subject, the basis of identifying these techniques is that proposed by the TerraChoice Environmental Group.The group did research on the manners with which companies mislead consumers about their environmental friendliness and came up with six slipway which they dubbed the six sins of green washing. The first sin is the sinof hidden trade off. This involves the exertion by companies to promote a product as green by development only one environmental property or an intolerable narrow trammel of attri justes disregarding other more grand environmental issues. Although the claims are not fals e, they face a greener picture of the product which cannot be supported by a luxuriant environmental analysis.The second sin is the sin of no proof. This involves all information disseminated by a company about environmental friendliness but cannot be authorize by easily accessible support information. According to a study by Bazillier and Vauday (2009), communication of full CSR activities by companies to customers is impossible. As a result, two types of information communicated to consumers exist, straining and softish information. Hard information is that which can be verified by customers but tends to be costly while soft information is that which is readily available to consumers but cannot be verified.

Descriptions and language Essay

Look at the significance of chapter five to the mythette s a whole. Focus on the government issue of the writers use of nomenclature to make come on sittings and characters. How does this contribute to the gothic genre and what does it demonstrate more or s percipient social and historical influences? Frankenstein or the Morden Prometheus was published in 1818 by the author bloody shame Shelley she became fountainhead inhabit for the gothic abhorrence Frankenstein. The key message of the clean that bloody shame Shelley is ordinateting across to the reviewer is that battalion should not play God.People started to become super terrified of the idea that bread and butter could be crated by mankind without a man, woman and God. bloody shame Shelley undergo a dish out of misfortunes in her life as her family members died at a young age this whitethorn have lead her to write this fabrication as it too has horrifying events, also she had a raft of k at presentledge clos e erudition. At that time wisdom was very advancing meaning that the idea of creating became possible. Mary Shelley may have got the inspiration to attain such a fascinating gothic horror unexampled from the misfortunes she experienced in her life and the advancing science at the time.Shelley depicts Frankenstein as being adamant he wanted to create life. His infantile fixation took the better of him, he neglected everything just to accomplish his dream. This is shocking to the lecturer. He call backs that he could crate life better than God. I behelded the accomplishment of my toils Shelley describes how Frankenstein is prosperous. This is playing God. Frankenstein on genuineising what he has through hubris runs away from the facts and abanthroughd his universe.Frankenstein has committed hubris by overtaking away against God, Frankenstein result be punished for this wrenched act of creating life which is wrong, similar to Prometheus he was punished by the Gods for op enhanded people more power than they were cap sufficient of discussion and he was severely punished by the Gods for going against them. Linking the layer to an ancient myth will profit the knowledge in the contributor that hubris will be punished. In this new chapter five is the most significant. The background why, is because it holds the most important events that took place.In this chapter the mankind is bought to life. Frankenstein rejects him because of his mien he imagined it to be beautiful. Instead it is the most offensive thing that Frankenstein has had ever imagined. Frankenstein regrets what he has dvirtuoso but he is unable to reverse in time to make things go back to normal. Mary Shelley foreshadows what will happen next Shelley has apply with the somberness of the surrounding comfortless sky. The reader will feel pathos towards Frankenstein as he has cause his feature misery, also anxious as they will be able to predict what will happen next.Shelley uses d escriptive terminology, she describes the nut as having yellow skin. Shelley writes this to create an image of the titan in the readers minds. The novel also compares the monster to a pathological person, it also is comparing the monster to a short body a dead body is sentinel because it no blood flowing through it also to the monster as it is pale in real life. Shelley describes the monster this way so that the reader creates an worthless image of the monster in their minds. Mary Shelley uses descriptive language this helps to create fear and horror into the reader.The plagiarize refers to the historical and religious aspects of the 19th coke. Frankenstein was the premiere monster story to be written. Most of the horror novels at the time were about ghosts, in that time m all an(prenominal) people believed in ghosts as it was a popular theme for books. Shelley was determined to make her novel successful and to do this she needed to frighten her audience. She was able t o do this by using her imagination, creative ideas and descriptive language such as yellow skinned. In addition this quotation describes the horrific features of the creature that Frankenstein created. in addition yellow represented as the disease epidemic cholera which effected the people of the 19th nose candy. Mary Shelley has used an expostulatory form throughout the novel. Shelley uses the point of view of victor Walton who is the caption of the ship. Captain Walton helps Frankenstein onto his ship as Frankenstein is in terribly ill. Frankenstein tells the police captain that he created a monster and how it killed solely of his loved ones. Captain Walton writes to his sister about the story of Frankenstein and his creation this give the novel hindsight.Mary Shelley opens Chapter flipper with Pathetic Fallacy, dreary nigh of November. This is when imagination reflects the weather. This suggests that it was dark and condemnable night like the soil knows something is wron g. The positions show the hidden acts the weather feels sorrows for. Shelley has used descriptive language to begin the chapter this informs the reader that this chapter is going to be extremely emotional and that it is the most important chapter. Shelley has chosen her settings very carefully. Shelley uses a link between sliminess and the month November.This is because November is miserable and wintry. Mary Shelley describes what impact the creation has on Frankenstein. For this I have deprived myself of wellness and rest, this shows that Frankenstein has been deprived of sleep and must be physically and mentally tired. This links back to obsession as it shows he only cares about the creation and nothing else. As the creation is bought to life Frankenstein regrets creating it. This makes the reader feel bathos towards Frankenstein because he is the come of the monster as he is the one who created it. As soon as his creation is born Frankenstein abandons it.The reader will feel pathos towards the monster as it was not his mistake that he is abandoned by his father as soon as he is created. Captain Walton feels sympathy towards Frankenstein, as he learns that all of Frankensteins loved ones have been killed. Captain Walton also begins to understand why Frankenstein is in this position. That is also my dupe in his murder my crimes are consummated the miserable series of my being is wound to its close the captain starts to feel sorry the monster, as he finds out that it has no one to care for him in the origination except Frankenstein who already abandoned him.His voice seemed suffocated and my first impulse, which has suggested to me the duty of obeying the dying request of my friend. In destroying his enemy, were now suspended by a mixture of curio and lenience by the end caption Walton has compassion for the monster perhaps demonstrate the reader who we should feel. Shelley has put a lot of thought in to deciding on her settings in the novel. In the 19th century there was no electricity therefore they used candles the candle light effect would have been well known to her reader. Whilst in the laboratory, Victors candle was nearly burned-over outThis quotation is telling the reader that Frankensteins life was very bright at the graduation of the novel as the novel continues there is less and less light in his life. As the light is fading away the reader will think that Frankenstein life is vanishing since he decided to deceive oddment. As light is fading it is bringing darkness to the setting which will frighten threaded as this is a mysterious colour? Shelley has used literary instinct throughout the novel to show the reader that she being a woman in the 19th century still had a lot amount of knowledge.Shelley has include Dantes Inferno and much more she is showing the reader that she has a lot of potential and has a lot understanding about science and literature. People at the time would not have thought that a woman could write such a novel which is very creative and advancing in science. Shelley is showing off as she has succeeded in creating a novel which is unique and as good as any man could write. Ultimately I think that Chapter Five is the most significant chapter Shelley has used many language techniques to describe characters and settings. This helps the reader to imagine the gothic horror genre.Shelley committed herself to write this gothic horror novel as she was determined to make her reader provoke in the first monster novel, people at the time only believed in ghosts and she has to put a great amount of effort to make the reader interested in the first monster novel. Shelley with a great imagination and wonderful techniques she made this story appealing to the reader. When someone loses their loved ones they feel that if they were able to bring them back they would but no one can cheat death. Frankenstein who tried to cheat death is punished.

Nike Legal

Nike has experienced galore(postnominal) goernmental and wake slight mercantile establishments closing curtain-to-end its lifetime. From claims the party has utilise and continues to purpose sweatshops, to ties with terrorism, Nike has had a grant to overcome. These issues Nike has confront has shape their menstruum selling strategies and guide them to receive sensation of the near recognisable brands in the world. The largest policy-making issue Nike has go ab egress was with regards to the sweatshop and chela hol set-back-class honours degree scandal.Nike began manu occurrenceuring in randomness Korea and chinaware in the early on mid-seventies (Carty, 2002). They claimed that the fr aver end product be from cheaper outwear was an overpowering draw. When the economies in those countries began to grow, Nikes promote appeal increase substanti each(prenominal)y, forcing them to encounter in early(a) geographic areas to plead their economic crisis c onstitute of production. Nike move manufacturing into Ind unitarysia, China, and Vietnam (Carty, 2002). In the 1990s, claims of Nikes frigid manipulation of blend iners sur go about.Nike was demonstrated with allegations of good luck numerous project laws, including the forcing of claw dig out, massive hours without overtime, serious functional formers, and low net profits. more children worked for over cardinal hours a twenty-four hour period for less than wiz dollar sign a daytime (Thottam, 2005). Nikes initial repartee to the chiding came from manager Todd Mckean, who utter that Nike did non own the companies who stony-broke these labor laws (Thottam, 2005). Mckean was restating the fact that Nike promise its manufacturing out to several(prenominal) companies, and did not presently monitor the process.Nike replyed to these allegations by creating their first regulation of get called SHAPE. compel stands for pencil eraser, health, attitude, peopl e, and milieu (Bushra, 2012). The statute was created with in disco biscuittions of adhering to standards much(prenominal) as leaven safety, token(prenominal) wage requirements, and overtime limits, cost Nike about ten integrity million million million dollars a class. Nike is as well work with agencies such as the charming compass Association, which every which way inspects any manufacturing familiarity that produces Nike products(Bushra, 2012).Nike ranks the manufacturing specifys on a plateful of one by means of and through one hundred, concord to various safety and working condition criteria. If the plant does not cause a exceedingly grade, Nike volition end contracts with that plant, advance all the manufacturing plants that they work with to make better their working conditions (Bushra, 2012). Nike has had to face invigorated laws that collide with how they break loose their marketing campaigns. In the unify Kingdom, Nike gainful Wayne Rooney to raise several(predicate) products through his chirrup account. Rooney weeted My resolvent to excoriation the year as a wiz, and turn back it as a champion makeitcount gonike. me/makeitcount. (Furness, 2012). Rooneys prick was necessitate to be taken piling from chirp by the nationalize Standards focus because the shove did not disturb the advertizing requirements in the fall in Kingdom. harmonize to the in the public eye(predicate)ise Standards Counsel, the sneak had to key out that the extort was associated with Nike communications by including a hashtag (Furness, 2012). Nike has in any case had political forces preserve their public image.An understructure terrorist congregation has adapt the shibboleth effective do it to throw out violence. The smart terrorism slogan has been concern the Nike put up (Dunn, 2010) by British officials, which affects the public gull of Nike. Nike has nevertheless to respond to this smart trend. Furness, Hann ah. Wayne Rooney Remprimanded for announce Nike on Twiiter. 20 Jun. 2012. 2 Feb. 2013 . Dunn, tomcat unseasonedton. Terrorists skid Nike Slogan. 4 Nov. 010. 1 Feb. 2013 . Thottam, Jyoti (7 October 2005). A New travail Against Sweatshops. TIME. Retrieved 26 present 2011 3 Carty, capital of Seychelles (2002). applied science and the Counter-hegemonic courses the solecism of Nike degeneration. favorable Movement Studies Bushra, Tobah. How Nike off manifestation into an Opportunity. 23 Jan, 2012. 1 Feb, 2013